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Related Concept Videos

Assessing Body Temperature - Rectal

Assessing Body Temperature - Rectal

Rectal temperature measurement is considered the most precise method for assessing core body temperature and typically registers higher than oral temperature. For adults, the rectal thermometer should be inserted 1 to 1.5 inches into the rectum to obtain the most accurate reading.
Follow these steps for rectal temperature assessment:
Step 1: Perform hand hygiene and don clean gloves to prevent cross-infection.
Step 2: Position the patient in a side-lying position to better visualize the rectal...

Temperature Measurement Sites

Temperature Measurement Sites

A thermometer measures body temperature. The common sites for measuring body temperature are the oral cavity, axillary region, temporal artery, and skin surface, such as the forehead, abdomen, and axilla. True core body temperature is assessed in the rectum, tympanic membrane, pulmonary artery, esophagus, and urinary bladder.
Oral: When assessing oral temperature, the thermometer tip should be placed under the tongue in the posterior sublingual pocket. It offers accurate readings and can be...

Assessing Body Temperature - Temporal Artery

Assessing Body Temperature - Temporal Artery

Here is a stepwise guide to assessing the body temperature at the temporal artery using a temporal artery thermometer
Step 1: Perform hand hygiene and don a fresh pair of gloves to prevent cross-infection and ensure patient safety.
Step 2: Explain the procedure to the patient to establish trust. Clear communication establishes trust with the patient, ensures they understand what to expect, promotes cooperation, and enhances comfort during the procedure.
Step 3: Assess the patient's...

Assessing Body Temperature - Oral

Assessing Body Temperature - Oral

Here are the steps to accurately measure oral temperature using an electronic thermometer:
Step 1:
Start by practicing proper hand hygiene to prevent the spread of microorganisms.
Step 2:
Take the thermometer out of the charging unit, switch it on, and wait for the ready sign.
Step 3:
Gently slide the probe cover until a click is heard. This simple action prevents cross-contamination and ensures the correct placement of the probe cover.
Step 4:
Instruct the patient to open their mouth and place...

Factors Affecting Body Temperature

Factors Affecting Body Temperature

As a nurse, it is vital to understand the factors affecting body temperature to monitor variations and effectively evaluate deviations from regular.
Factors may include:

Assessing Body Temperature - Axilla

Assessing Body Temperature - Axilla

Procedural Guide for Assessing Axillary Body Temperature using a Digital Thermometer:
Step 1: Perform hand hygiene and put on clean gloves to maintain infection control and prevent cross-contamination.
Step 2: Prepare the patient by explaining the procedure to ensure understanding and cooperation. Ensure privacy, expose the axilla, and inform the patient that minimal movement is crucial for an accurate reading.
Step 3: Adjust the patient’s clothing to expose only the axilla. It minimizes...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 11, 2025

Esophageal Heat Transfer for Patient Temperature Control and Targeted Temperature Management

Esophageal Heat Transfer for Patient Temperature Control and Targeted Temperature Management

Published on: November 21, 2017

Maternal temperature in emergency caesarean section (MATES): an observational multicentre study.

P T Thorburn¹, R Monteiro¹, A Chakladar¹

¹Department of Anaesthesia, Brighton & Sussex University Hospitals NHS Trust, Brighton, UK.

International Journal of Obstetric Anesthesia

|March 27, 2021

Summary

Both hypothermia and hyperthermia are common in women during emergency caesarean sections. Accurate temperature monitoring is crucial for effective intra-operative management to improve patient outcomes.

Keywords:

Caesarean Hyperthermia Hypothermia: cold OR mechanism Hypothermia: prevention Morbidity Temperature regulation

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Last Updated: Nov 11, 2025

Esophageal Heat Transfer for Patient Temperature Control and Targeted Temperature Management

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Published on: November 21, 2017

An Experimental Paradigm for the Prediction of Post-Operative Pain PPOP

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Published on: January 27, 2010

External Cephalic Version: Is it an Effective and Safe Procedure?

External Cephalic Version: Is it an Effective and Safe Procedure?

Published on: June 6, 2020

Area of Science:

Obstetrics and Gynecology
Anesthesiology
Maternal-Fetal Medicine

Background:

Temperature regulation during emergency caesarean sections lacks evidence-based recommendations.
Inadvertent peri-operative hypothermia and hyperthermia have significant adverse effects on mothers and neonates.
Hyperthermia is linked to poor neonatal outcomes, increased obstetric interventions, and sepsis treatment.

Purpose of the Study:

To determine the prevalence of hypothermia and hyperthermia in women undergoing emergency caesarean sections.
To highlight the need for accurate maternal temperature monitoring in this population.

Main Methods:

Multi-centre observational cohort study across 14 UK sites.
Recruited 265 participants undergoing emergency caesarean section over 12 months.
Maternal temperature measured using a zero heat-flux device, with primary endpoint in the recovery room.

Main Results:

Prevalence of hypothermia (<36.0°C) was 10.7% and hyperthermia (>37.5°C) was 14.7% on recovery room admission.
Temperature differences observed based on anesthesia type: spinal for hypothermia, epidural top-up for hyperthermia.
Significant maternal temperature decrease of 0.20°C from delivery to recovery room admission (P<0.001).

Conclusions:

Hypothermia and hyperthermia are prevalent in mothers undergoing emergency caesarean sections.
Accurate temperature measurement is essential for effective intra-operative temperature management.
Evidence-based strategies are needed to address peri-operative temperature dysregulation in this group.