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Microbial predation accelerates granulation and modulates microbial community composition.

Siew Herng Chan1,2, Muhammad Hafiz Ismail1,3, Chuan Hao Tan1,4

  • 1Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637551, Singapore.

BMC Microbiology
|March 28, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Predators like bacteriophages and protozoa are crucial for aerobic granulation. Protozoa, especially ciliates, aid granule formation, while bacteriophages may enhance stability. The bacterium "Candidatus Accumulibacter" is vital when protozoa are absent.

Keywords:
Activated sludgeBacteriophageGranulationMetagenomicsMicrobial predationProtozoa

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental microbiology
  • Wastewater treatment technologies
  • Microbial ecology

Background:

  • Activated floccular sludge systems rely on bacterial communities for nutrient removal and flocculation.
  • Bacteriophages and protozoa are significant predators in these systems, influencing bacterial mortality.
  • The specific roles of bacteriophage and protozoan predation in aerobic granulation remain under-explored.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate bacteriophage and protozoan communities during aerobic granulation.
  • To determine the impact of protozoan predation on the granulation process.
  • To elucidate the relationship between microbial communities and granule formation.

Main Methods:

  • Operated four independent bioreactors for aerobic granulation over 11 weeks.
  • Characterized phage, protozoa, and bacterial communities throughout granulation.
  • Utilized chemical inhibition of protozoa to assess their role in granulation.

Main Results:

  • Filamentous phages (Inoviridae) were abundant initially, shifting to lytic phages during maturation.
  • Protozoa abundance and diversity initially decreased but Oligohymenophorea ciliates dominated mature granules.
  • Inhibition of ciliates delayed granule formation, while 'Candidatus Accumulibacter' recovery correlated with granule formation.

Conclusions:

  • Bacteriophage and protozoan predation positively correlate with aerobic granule formation.
  • Protozoa, particularly ciliates, play a key role in initiating aerobic granulation.
  • 'Candidatus Accumulibacter' is essential for granule formation when protozoa are absent.