Facial emotion perception in young female students with subsyndromal panic disorder. Behavioral and ERP study

This study aimed to examine the behavioral and neural correlates of facial emotion recognition in young women with subsyndromal panic disorder (SPD). In the experiment 15 non-medicated women with SPD and 17 matched healthy controls were tasked with recognizing angry, fearful, happy, and neutral facial expressions, and accuracy, reaction time (RT), and event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded. Significant between-group differences in behavioral characteristics (accuracy of emotion recognition and RT) were not found, however, the SPD subjects demonstrated a slower response to fearful expressions compared to neutral and happy expressions. More distinct between-group differences were observed for the EPRs. The SPD subjects demonstrated increased amplitudes of the P100 ERP component in the occipital area and the P200 component over the occipital and temporal regions. In the frontal regions the SPD group showed a greater amplitude of the N200 component and also an increased negativity 350-450 ms after stimulus presentation. According to the dipole source modeling data, the SPD subjects showed enhanced activation in the extra-striate cortex which increased in intensity when angry and fearful faces were presented. Thus, young women with SPD which manifested in infrequent panic attacks showed significant alterations in ERP characteristics of emotional processing, which may be considered as a more sensitive indicator of early-stage panic disorder than the observed behavioral measures.