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Related Concept Videos

Chronic Kidney Disease III: Interprofessional Care01:28

Chronic Kidney Disease III: Interprofessional Care

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Chronic kidney disease (CKD) requires collaborative and comprehensive management. CKD progresses through stages and can lead to end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) if untreated. Interprofessional collaboration and patient education are crucial, enabling patients to manage their health and improve their quality of life.Diagnostic approach for chronic kidney diseaseThe diagnosis of CKD primarily focuses on the glomerular filtration rate (GFR), which assesses kidney function by measuring how well...
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Chronic Kidney Disease I: Introduction01:25

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Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) arises when the kidneys progressively lose their ability to function, ultimately leading to end-stage renal disease. At this advanced stage, the kidneys can no longer filter waste or maintain essential body functions, requiring renal replacement therapy (RRT) through dialysis or a kidney transplant for survival.Early-stage chronic kidney disease and detection challengesIn CKD's early stages, symptoms often remain absent because healthy nephrons compensate for...
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Nursing management is essential for preventing complications, maintaining stability, and improving patients' quality of life in chronic kidney disease (CKD). By using a structured approach, nurses help slow CKD progression and support effective patient care​.1. Comprehensive patient assessmentEffective management begins with nurses reviewing the patient’s medical history, and identifying key risk factors like diabetes, hypertension, and nephrotoxic drug use. Nurses assess signs of...
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Factors Affecting Renal Clearance: Renal Impairment01:17

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Renal dysfunction significantly impairs the renal clearance of drugs, leading to potential complications in drug therapy. Renal failure, which can be caused by various factors, poses a significant challenge in the elimination of drugs from the body.
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Chronic Kidney Disease II: Clinical Manifestations01:24

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Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) progressively impairs multiple body systems due to the accumulation of uremic toxins, which disrupt cellular functions across various organs.Neurologic symptomsNeurologic symptoms often arise early in CKD, as uremic toxin buildup drives changes in cognitive and motor functions. Patients frequently experience fatigue, headache, confusion, difficulty concentrating, and, in severe cases, seizures. Peripheral neuropathy commonly manifests as burning sensations in the...
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Acute Kidney Injury IV: Diagnostic Studies and Prevention01:30

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Accurate diagnosis and effective prevention are critical in managing Acute Kidney Injury (AKI), which is linked to high mortality rates ranging from 10% to 80%. Timely recognition of at-risk patients and careful monitoring can significantly reduce the likelihood of kidney damage.Diagnostic Assessments:The diagnostic process starts with a comprehensive medical history to identify prerenal, intrarenal, and postrenal causes.Prerenal causes, such as dehydration, hypotension, or blood loss, should...
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Updated: Nov 11, 2025

Assessment of Vascular Function in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease
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Εndothelial and microvascular function in CKD: Evaluation methods and associations with outcomes.

Marieta P Theodorakopoulou1, Konstantina Dipla2, Andreas Zafeiridis2

  • 1Department of Nephrology, Hippokration Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.

European Journal of Clinical Investigation
|March 28, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Endothelial dysfunction is common in chronic kidney disease (CKD), contributing to cardiovascular events and disease progression. Early detection using various methods is crucial for managing patient outcomes.

Keywords:
chronic kidney diseaseendothelial dysfunctionflow-mediated dilatationlaser speckle contrast analysismicrovascular dysfunctionnear-infrared spectroscopy

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Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Cardiology
  • Vascular Biology

Background:

  • Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a primary cause of death in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients.
  • Endothelial dysfunction, a key feature of atherosclerosis, is implicated in the progression of both cardiovascular and kidney diseases in this population.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review techniques and markers for assessing microvascular and endothelial function in CKD patients.
  • To discuss the link between endothelial dysfunction and co-morbidities, and outcomes in CKD.

Main Methods:

  • Narrative review of studies on endothelial function assessment in CKD.
  • Inclusion of techniques like Venous Occlusion Plethysmography, Flow-Mediated Dilatation, Near-Infrared Spectroscopy, and Laser Speckle Contrast Analysis.
  • Consideration of circulating biomarkers for endothelial function evaluation.

Main Results:

  • Endothelial dysfunction is an early finding in CKD.
  • It contributes to target organ damage, cardiovascular events, mortality, and progression to end-stage kidney disease.
  • Multiple functional methods and biomarkers confirm these associations.

Conclusions:

  • Established and novel methods, along with biomarkers, demonstrate endothelial dysfunction in CKD.
  • Evidence strongly supports the association of endothelial dysfunction with adverse outcomes in CKD patients.
  • Future research should focus on non-invasive methods to further clarify its role in disease progression.