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Water nitrates and CNS birth defects: a population-based case-control study.

T E Arbuckle¹, G J Sherman, P N Corey

¹Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, University of Toronto, Canada.

Archives of Environmental Health

|March 1, 1988

Summary

Maternal nitrate exposure from private wells may slightly increase central nervous system (CNS) malformation risk in infants. However, municipal water sources showed a decreased risk, warranting further investigation into well water effects.

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Area of Science:

Environmental Health
Reproductive Epidemiology
Teratology

Background:

Maternal exposure to environmental contaminants is a potential risk factor for congenital anomalies.
Nitrate contamination in drinking water is a widespread environmental concern.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the association between maternal nitrate exposure in drinking water and the risk of central nervous system (CNS) malformations in infants.
To explore potential modifying effects of drinking water source on this association.

Main Methods:

A case-control study was conducted in New Brunswick, Canada, from 1973-1983.
130 cases of CNS defects were matched with two controls each, based on residence and birth date.
Water samples were analyzed for nitrate levels at mothers' addresses.

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Main Results:

Drinking water nitrate levels showed a modified effect based on the water source.
Exposure to 26 ppm nitrates from private wells was associated with a non-significant increased risk (OR=2.30).
Municipal or spring water sources showed a non-significant decreased risk with increased nitrate exposure.

Conclusions:

The association between nitrate exposure from private wells and CNS malformations warrants further investigation with larger sample sizes.
Drinking water source appears to modify the risk, suggesting complex exposure-response relationships.