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Long-chain monounsaturated fatty acids improve endothelial function with altering microbial flora.

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Fish oil long-chain monounsaturated fatty acids (LCMUFAs) improve endothelial function and reduce cardiovascular disease risk factors. These fatty acids positively impact gut microbiota, promoting beneficial bacteria and short-chain fatty acid production.

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Health
  • Nutritional Science
  • Microbiome Research

Background:

  • Cardiovascular disease remains a leading cause of mortality globally.
  • Long-chain monounsaturated fatty acids (LCMUFAs) from fish oil show promise in mitigating cardiovascular risk.
  • Endothelial dysfunction is a key factor in the development of atherosclerosis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effects of LCMUFAs on endothelial function in both mice and humans.
  • To explore the impact of specific LCMUFAs (gadoleic acid C20:1 and cetoleic acid C22:1) on cardiovascular risk markers.
  • To elucidate the role of gut microbiota modulation in mediating the benefits of LCMUFAs.

Main Methods:

  • A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial in 60 healthy human subjects consuming LCMUFA oil or control oil for 4 weeks.
  • An animal study using ApoE-/- mice fed a Western diet supplemented with C20:1 or C22:1 for 12 weeks.
  • Analysis of endothelial function, plasma biomarkers (e.g., trimethylamine-N-oxide, inflammatory cytokines), and gut microbiota composition.

Main Results:

  • LCMUFA consumption improved endothelial function and lowered trimethylamine-N-oxide levels in humans.
  • C20:1 and C22:1 supplementation reduced atherosclerotic lesions and inflammatory markers (IL-6, TNF-α) in mice.
  • Beneficial effects correlated with improved gut microbiota, increased Akkermansia, and enhanced short-chain fatty acid (SCFA)-induced glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) secretion.

Conclusions:

  • Fish oil-derived LCMUFAs demonstrate significant benefits for cardiovascular health.
  • LCMUFAs modulate the gut microbiota, leading to SCFA production and GLP-1 secretion.
  • These mechanisms suggest LCMUFAs offer a protective effect against cardiovascular disease.