The effect of viscoelasticity in an airway closure model

The closure of a human lung airway is modeled as a pipe coated internally with a liquid that takes into account the viscoelastic properties of mucus. For a thick enough coating, the Plateau-Rayleigh instability blocks the airway by the creation of a liquid plug, and the pre-closure phase is dominated by the Newtonian behavior of the liquid. Our previous study with a Newtonian-liquid model demonstrated that the bifrontal plug growth consequent to airway closure induces a high level of stress and stress gradients on the airway wall, which is large enough to damage the epithelial cells, causing sub-lethal or lethal responses. In this study, we explore the effect of the viscoelastic properties of mucus by means of the Oldroyd-B and FENE-CR model. Viscoelasticity is shown to be very relevant in the post-coalescence process, introducing a second peak of the wall shear stresses. This second peak is related to an elastic instability due to the presence of the polymeric extra stresses. For high-enough Weissenberg and Laplace numbers, this second shear stress peak is as severe as the first one. Consequently, a second lethal or sub-lethal response of the epithelial cells is induced.