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Assays for the Specific Growth Rate and Cell-binding Ability of Rotavirus
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Equine rotavirus infection.

Manabu Nemoto1, Tomio Matsumura1

  • 1Equine Research Institute, Japan Racing Association, Tochigi 329-0412, Japan.

Journal of Equine Science
|March 29, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Equine group A rotavirus (RVA) causes foal diarrhea. Current vaccines target G3P[12] strains, but G14P[12] is also prevalent, suggesting a need for updated vaccine formulations for better protection.

Keywords:
diarrhoeaequine rotavirusfoalhorsereview

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Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Virology
  • Equine Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Equine group A rotavirus (RVA) is a significant cause of diarrhea in foals.
  • Transmission occurs primarily via the fecal-oral route, leading to clinical signs like diarrhea, fever, lethargy, and anorexia.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current knowledge on equine RVA, including classification, clinical presentation, epidemiology, diagnostics, disinfection, and vaccines.
  • To assess the efficacy of existing diagnostic tools and disinfectants against equine RVA.
  • To evaluate the current vaccine strains and propose improvements for broader protection.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of equine RVA classification, clinical signs, transmission, and diagnosis.
  • Analysis of disinfectant efficacy against non-enveloped equine RVA.
  • Review of current inactivated vaccine strains and their coverage of circulating equine RVA genotypes.

Main Results:

  • Human RVA rapid antigen detection kits are effective for equine RVA diagnosis.
  • Equine RVA is resistant to common disinfectants; alcohol, aldehydes, and chlorine/iodine compounds are effective.
  • Predominant circulating strains are G3P[12] and G14P[12], but vaccines only include G3P[12].

Conclusions:

  • Improved diagnostic tools and effective disinfectants are available for equine RVA management.
  • Current vaccines may not provide optimal protection due to the exclusion of the G14P[12] strain.
  • Adding G14P[12] to vaccines could enhance protection against prevalent equine RVA strains.