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The Retinoblastoma Gene

The Retinoblastoma Gene

Tumor suppressor genes are normal genes that can slow down cell division, repair DNA mistakes, or program the cells for apoptosis in case of irreparable damage. Hence, they play an essential role in preventing the proliferation of damaged cells.
The first-ever tumor suppressor gene called Rb was identified in retinoblastoma - a rare eye tumor in children. In inherited forms of the disease, a child inherits one defective copy of the Rb gene, which predisposes them to retinoblastoma. However,...

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Primary Orthotopic Glioma Xenografts Recapitulate Infiltrative Growth and Isocitrate Dehydrogenase I Mutation

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Primary Malignant Orbital Tumors.

Jacquelyn Laplant¹, Kimberly Cockerham²

¹Department of Ophthalmology, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States.

Journal of Neurological Surgery. Part B, Skull Base

|March 29, 2021

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Primary orbital malignancies require prompt diagnosis and management. Advances in imaging and minimally invasive surgical techniques are improving outcomes and preserving function.

Keywords:

adenoid cystic carcinoma lymphoma malignant orbital tumors primary orbital tumors rhabdomyosarcoma

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Area of Science:

Ophthalmology
Oncology
Surgical Oncology

Background:

Primary orbital malignancies are rare, necessitating awareness of their clinical and imaging features for timely diagnosis.
Surgical intervention is crucial for diagnosis and treatment, but selecting the optimal approach for orbital tumors presents challenges.

Purpose of the Study:

To review recent advancements in the diagnosis, management, and surgical strategies for primary orbital malignancies.
To discuss clinical presentation, imaging characteristics, and treatment options for primary orbital malignancies.

Main Methods:

Review of clinical presentation, imaging features, and medical/surgical management of primary orbital malignancies.
Inclusion of representative cases to illustrate diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.

Main Results:

Improved diagnosis and management of orbital malignancies due to progress in orbital imaging, microsurgery, and multimodal therapy.
Surgical approach selection is guided by tumor characteristics, location, adjacent structures, and surgical goals.
Minimally invasive surgical techniques are increasingly replacing traditional methods, leading to reduced patient morbidity.

Conclusions:

Enhanced imaging technologies and surgical techniques have significantly improved the diagnosis and management of primary orbital malignancies.
There is a clear trend towards less invasive orbital surgery, emphasizing functional preservation and restoration.