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Related Experiment Videos

Effects of static magnetic fields on diffusion in solutions.

Y Kinouchi1, S Tanimoto, T Ushita

  • 1Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Tokushima, Japan.

Bioelectromagnetics
|January 1, 1988
PubMed
Summary

Static magnetic fields minimally impact ion diffusion due to high threshold field strengths. However, larger biological particles like deoxygenated erythrocytes are affected by typical gradient fields.

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Area of Science:

  • Biophysics
  • Physical Chemistry

Background:

  • Static magnetic fields can influence particle diffusion in solutions.
  • Key forces involved include the Lorentz force and Maxwell stress.
  • Understanding these effects is crucial for applications involving magnetic fields and biological systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To theoretically analyze the effects of static magnetic fields on particle diffusion.
  • To estimate the threshold field strengths required for observable effects.
  • To determine the impact of magnetic fields on charged particles, paramagnetic molecules, and biological entities.

Main Methods:

  • Theoretical analysis of Lorentz force and Maxwell stress on particle diffusion.
  • Calculation of threshold field strengths for various particle types.

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  • Comparison of theoretical thresholds with typical and high magnetic field strengths used in experiments and techniques.

    • Main Results:

    • Lorentz force suppresses diffusion of charged particles (e.g., Na+, K+, Ca2+, Cl-, plasma proteins) but requires extremely high fields (>10^4 T).
    • Maxwell stress effects on ion diffusion require gradient fields >10^5 T²/m, exceeding typical experimental ranges.
    • Paramagnetic molecules (FeCl3, O2) and plasma proteins are generally unaffected by typical gradient fields (<100 T²/m) and even high gradient fields (<10^5 T²/m).
    • Deoxygenated erythrocytes and FeCl3 colloids (aggregates >10^3 molecules) show movement influenced by usual gradient fields due to a volume effect.

    Conclusions:

    • Ion diffusion is largely unaffected by static magnetic fields at typical strengths.
    • Magnetic separation techniques are unlikely to be influenced by Maxwell stress effects on ion diffusion.
    • Volume effects in larger biological particles and colloids are the primary mechanism by which typical gradient fields influence diffusion.