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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 11, 2025

A Method to Study Adaptation to Left-Right Reversed Audition
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Why Do People Agree With Both Regular and Reversed Items? A Logical Response Perspective.

Chester Chun Seng Kam1, John P Meyer2, Shaojing Sun3

  • 1University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China.

Assessment
|March 29, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Misresponses to reversed survey items are not irrational. For individuals at a trait's midpoint, agreeing with opposite statements is logical, explaining apparent bi-dimensionality in psychological constructs.

Keywords:
factor analysisitem keyingreversed item

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Area of Science:

  • Psychological Measurement
  • Quantitative Psychology

Background:

  • The common assumption is that misresponses to reversed items stem from irrational participant behavior.
  • This research questions this view, proposing a logical basis for such responses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To challenge the notion that reversed item misresponses are irrational.
  • To propose and test a new explanation for the bi-dimensionality observed with regular and reversed items.

Main Methods:

  • An empirical study was conducted to investigate differential responding to regular and reversed items.
  • Factor analysis was used to examine item loadings.
  • The relationship between trait levels and differential responding was analyzed.

Main Results:

  • Participants at the midpoint of a trait exhibited the highest differential responding.
  • Differential responding showed a quadratic relationship with trait levels.
  • Regular and reversed items, as well as different types of reversed items (polar opposites vs. negated), loaded on separate factors.

Conclusions:

  • The logical response patterns of individuals at the trait midpoint offer a new explanation for the apparent bi-dimensionality of unidimensional constructs.
  • This finding highlights a trait × method interaction previously unrecognized in psychometric research.