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Higher socioeconomic status in parents is linked to altered fetal brain development, including increased white matter volume but decreased gray matter volume and cortical complexity. These prenatal changes may contribute to later-life neuropsychological outcomes.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Biology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Children from lower socioeconomic status (SES) backgrounds face increased risks for neuropsychological disorders.
  • The impact of parental SES on fetal brain development is not well understood.
  • Understanding these early-life influences is crucial for addressing developmental disparities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between parental socioeconomic status and fetal brain growth.
  • To examine the relationship between parental SES and cerebral cortical development in utero.
  • To utilize advanced 3D fetal magnetic resonance imaging for precise measurements.

Main Methods:

  • A cohort study of 144 healthy pregnant women was conducted.
  • Fetal brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was used to assess brain structures.
  • Parental education and occupation were used as indicators of socioeconomic status.

Main Results:

  • Higher parental SES correlated with increased fetal white matter, deep gray matter, and brainstem volumes.
  • Conversely, higher parental SES was associated with decreased fetal cortical gray matter volume.
  • Increased SES also linked to reduced cortical complexity, including local gyrification index and sulcal depth.

Conclusions:

  • Parental socioeconomic status is associated with significant alterations in fetal neurodevelopment.
  • These prenatal brain changes may contribute to the known associations between lower SES and poorer long-term outcomes.
  • Findings suggest potential for targeted prenatal interventions to mitigate socioeconomic disparities in neurodevelopment.