Related Experiment Video
Updated: Nov 11, 2025
09:03
Extraction of Extracellular Vesicles from Whole Tissue
Published on: February 7, 2019
15.6K
Biogenesis of Extracellular Vesicles.
Taeyoung Kang1, Ishara Atukorala1, Suresh Mathivanan2
1Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
Sub-Cellular Biochemistry
|March 29, 2021
Summary
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) facilitate cell communication and hold clinical potential. Understanding EV biogenesis is crucial for their therapeutic applications, despite current knowledge gaps.
Area of Science:
- Cell Biology
- Biochemistry
- Molecular Biology
Background:
- Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are released by cells and mediate intercellular communication by transferring biomolecules.
- EVs, including exosomes and microvesicles, are implicated in various pathophysiological conditions.
- EVs show promise in clinical applications as drug delivery systems and diagnostic biomarkers.
Purpose of the Study:
- To elucidate the poorly understood molecular mechanisms governing EV biogenesis and secretion.
- To consolidate current knowledge on the biogenesis of diverse EV subtypes.
Main Methods:
- Review of existing literature on EV biogenesis pathways.
- Analysis of molecular machinery involved in the formation and release of EVs.
Main Results:
- EVs are categorized by their biogenesis and secretion methods.
- The molecular mechanisms underlying EV production are complex and varied.
- Significant progress has been made in understanding EV biogenesis, yet gaps remain.
Conclusions:
- A deeper understanding of EV biogenesis is critical for advancing their clinical utility.
- Further research into the molecular intricacies of EV formation is warranted.
- This chapter provides a comprehensive overview of current knowledge on EV biogenesis mechanisms.
Related Concept Videos
01:38Intralumenal Vesicles and Multivesicular Bodies
4.3K
Intraluminal vesicles (ILVs) are small vesicles 50-80 nm in diameter formed during the maturation of early endosomes. A specialized endosome containing numerous ILVs is called a multivesicular body (MVB). ILVs contain internalized molecules such as antigens, nucleic acids, proteins, and metabolites. Some of these molecules are released from the MVBs inside exosomes and are transported to other cells. Other MVBs contain molecules that are retained in the ILVs and are later degraded within the...
4.3K
01:33Overview of Secretory Vesicles
9.0K
Secretory vesicles, also known as dense core vesicles (DCVs), are membrane-bound vesicles that transport secretory proteins, such as hormones or neurotransmitters. Regulated secretory vesicles transport proteins from the trans-Golgi network to the exterior of the cell. Proteins present in regulated secretory vesicles are required to be rapidly exocytosed in large amounts upon a specific stimulus.
Various proteins regulate the aggregation of molecules inside the secretory vesicles. Chromogranins...
Various proteins regulate the aggregation of molecules inside the secretory vesicles. Chromogranins...
9.0K
01:45Vesicular Tubular Clusters
2.8K
After budding out from the ER membrane, some COPII vesicles lose their coat and fuse with one another to form larger vesicles and interconnected tubules called vesicular tubular clusters or VTCs. These clusters constitute a compartment at the ER-Golgi interface known as ERGIC (Endoplasmic Reticulum Golgi Intermediate Compartment). The ERGIC is a mobile membrane-bound cargo transport system that sorts proteins secreted from ER and delivers them to the Golgi.
With the help of motor proteins such...
With the help of motor proteins such...
2.8K
01:36Overview of Exosomes
3.1K
Exosomes are stable, lipid bilayer-enclosed vesicles capable of crossing biological barriers. They can carry a wide range of molecules required for intercellular communication. Once exosomes are released from the cell where they originated, they enter a recipient cell through various pathways such as fusion, receptor-mediated endocytosis, macropinocytosis, and phagocytosis.
Stahl et al. discovered exosomes in 1983, but the exosomes were initially considered waste products released from the...
Stahl et al. discovered exosomes in 1983, but the exosomes were initially considered waste products released from the...
3.1K
00:51Exocytosis
71.9K
Exocytosis is used to release material from cells. Like other bulk transport mechanisms, exocytosis requires energy.
71.9K
00:50Exocytosis
8.5K
Exocytosis is a process that releases molecules outside the cell. Like other bulk transport mechanisms, exocytosis requires energy.
Exocytosis is the opposite of endocytosis, which brings molecules inside the cell. Sometimes, the released materials are signaling molecules. For example, neurons typically use exocytosis to release neurotransmitters. Cells also use exocytosis to insert proteins such as ion channels into their cell membranes, secrete proteins for use in the extracellular matrix, or...
Exocytosis is the opposite of endocytosis, which brings molecules inside the cell. Sometimes, the released materials are signaling molecules. For example, neurons typically use exocytosis to release neurotransmitters. Cells also use exocytosis to insert proteins such as ion channels into their cell membranes, secrete proteins for use in the extracellular matrix, or...
8.5K