Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Intracellular Movement of Viruses and Bacteria01:10

Intracellular Movement of Viruses and Bacteria

3.1K
Intracellular bacteria and viruses often comprise a group of highly infectious pathogens that can cause several diseases. Bacterial pathogens include those belonging to the genus Rickettsia responsible for conditions such as rocky mountain spotted fever and the Mediterranean spotted fever; Chlamydia, a genus responsible for a sexually transmitted disease; Coxiella burnetii, an agent responsible for Q fever. Viral pathogens include vaccinia—a poxvirus, and herpes simplex virus—a...
3.1K
Defense Against Bacterial Pathogens01:31

Defense Against Bacterial Pathogens

1.8K
The human immune system is a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to defend the body against bacterial infections. It consists of various immune cells, each playing a specific role in the defense mechanism.
Phagocytes
Phagocytes are the frontline soldiers of the immune system. They include neutrophils and macrophages. Neutrophils are the most abundant type of white blood cell and are quickly mobilized to the site of infection. Macrophages are larger cells that patrol...
1.8K
Gram-negative Bacterial Protein Secretion Systems01:17

Gram-negative Bacterial Protein Secretion Systems

336
Gram-negative bacteria utilize sophisticated protein secretion systems to transport proteins across their double-membrane envelope into the extracellular environment or host cells. Based on their mechanism of action, these systems are classified into one-step and two-step pathways.One-Step Secretion Systems (Types I, III, IV, and VI)One-step secretion systems bypass the periplasm entirely, forming a continuous channel that spans both the inner and outer membranes:Type I Secretion System (T1SS):...
336
Receptor-mediated Endocytosis01:39

Receptor-mediated Endocytosis

108.5K
Overview
108.5K
Receptor-mediated Endocytosis01:20

Receptor-mediated Endocytosis

7.0K
Receptor-mediated endocytosis is when bulk amounts of specific molecules are imported into a cell after binding to cell surface receptors. The molecules bound to these receptors are taken into the cell through inward folding of the cell surface membrane, which is eventually pinched off into a vesicle within the cell. Structural proteins, such as clathrin, coat the budding vesicle.
Clathrin-Mediated Endocytosis of LDL
One well-characterized example of receptor-mediated endocytosis is the...
7.0K
Lytic Cycle of Bacteriophages01:30

Lytic Cycle of Bacteriophages

74.2K
Bacteriophages, also known as phages, are specialized viruses that infect bacteria. A key characteristic of phages is their distinctive “head-tail” morphology. A phage begins the infection process (i.e., lytic cycle) by attaching to the outside of a bacterial cell. Attachment is accomplished via proteins in the phage tail that bind to specific receptor proteins on the outer surface of the bacterium. The tail injects the phage’s DNA genome into the bacterial cytoplasm. In the...
74.2K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

<i>Helicobacter pylori</i> induces the production of interleukin-37 to promote broad immunosuppression and enhance colonization.

Gut microbes·2026
Same author

Uncovering bacterial pseudaminylation with pan-specific antibody tools.

Nature chemical biology·2026
Same author

Gut Microbiota Metabolites Sensed by Host GPR41/43 Protect Against Hypertension.

Circulation research·2025
Same author

Antigen 43 associated with <i>Escherichia coli</i> membrane vesicles contributes to bacterial cell association and biofilm formation.

Microbiology spectrum·2025
Same author

Large-scale production of extracellular vesicles: Report on the "massivEVs" ISEV workshop.

Journal of extracellular biology·2024
Same author

Do Bacterial Outer Membrane Vesicles Contribute to Chronic Inflammation in Parkinson's Disease?

Journal of Parkinson's disease·2024
Same journal

Future Directions in Biotechnological and Pharmacological Applications of CAIs.

Sub-cellular biochemistry·2026
Same journal

Industrial and Environmental Applications of Carbonic Anhydrases.

Sub-cellular biochemistry·2026
Same journal

Applications of Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors in Arthritis, Neuropathic Pain, Acute Mountain Sickness, and Cerebral Ischemia.

Sub-cellular biochemistry·2026
Same journal

Applications of Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors in Neurological Disorders, Mechanisms and Therapeutic Potential.

Sub-cellular biochemistry·2026
Same journal

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors in Oncology.

Sub-cellular biochemistry·2026
Same journal

Therapeutic Applications of Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors in Ophthalmology.

Sub-cellular biochemistry·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 11, 2025

Legionella pneumophila Outer Membrane Vesicles: Isolation and Analysis of Their Pro-inflammatory Potential on Macrophages
08:34

Legionella pneumophila Outer Membrane Vesicles: Isolation and Analysis of Their Pro-inflammatory Potential on Macrophages

Published on: February 22, 2017

11.6K

Pathogenesis Mediated by Bacterial Membrane Vesicles.

William J Gilmore1,2, Natalie J Bitto1,2, Maria Kaparakis-Liaskos3,4

  • 1Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.

Sub-Cellular Biochemistry
|March 29, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Bacterial membrane vesicles (BMVs), including outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) from Gram-negative bacteria and membrane vesicles (MVs) from Gram-positive bacteria, play roles in bacterial survival and disease. Their therapeutic potential is also explored.

Keywords:
Bacterial membrane vesicles (BMVs)Bacterial pathogenesisMembrane vesicles (MVs)Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs)Therapeutic applications of BMVs

More Related Videos

Size Exclusion Chromatography to Analyze Bacterial Outer Membrane Vesicle Heterogeneity
07:26

Size Exclusion Chromatography to Analyze Bacterial Outer Membrane Vesicle Heterogeneity

Published on: March 31, 2021

4.8K
Isolation and Characterization of Extracellular Vesicles Produced by Iron-limited Mycobacteria
08:27

Isolation and Characterization of Extracellular Vesicles Produced by Iron-limited Mycobacteria

Published on: October 31, 2019

7.7K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Nov 11, 2025

Legionella pneumophila Outer Membrane Vesicles: Isolation and Analysis of Their Pro-inflammatory Potential on Macrophages
08:34

Legionella pneumophila Outer Membrane Vesicles: Isolation and Analysis of Their Pro-inflammatory Potential on Macrophages

Published on: February 22, 2017

11.6K
Size Exclusion Chromatography to Analyze Bacterial Outer Membrane Vesicle Heterogeneity
07:26

Size Exclusion Chromatography to Analyze Bacterial Outer Membrane Vesicle Heterogeneity

Published on: March 31, 2021

4.8K
Isolation and Characterization of Extracellular Vesicles Produced by Iron-limited Mycobacteria
08:27

Isolation and Characterization of Extracellular Vesicles Produced by Iron-limited Mycobacteria

Published on: October 31, 2019

7.7K

Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Cell Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are released by all domains of life.
  • Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) from Gram-negative bacteria are well-studied, involved in metabolism and pathogenesis.
  • Membrane vesicles (MVs) from Gram-positive bacteria are less understood but increasingly recognized.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a literature overview of bacterial membrane vesicles (BMVs).
  • To highlight BMV biogenesis mechanisms and roles in bacterial survival.
  • To discuss BMVs' involvement in disease and potential therapeutic applications.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and synthesis.
  • Comparative analysis of OMVs and MVs.
  • Exploration of BMV functions in pathogenic and commensal bacteria.

Main Results:

  • BMVs are implicated in bacterial survival and metabolic functions.
  • OMVs and MVs contribute to disease pathologies.
  • BMVs show potential as novel therapeutic strategies.

Conclusions:

  • There is a knowledge gap regarding MVs compared to OMVs.
  • BMVs are versatile structures with significant biological roles.
  • Further research into BMVs could yield therapeutic advancements.