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Related Concept Videos

Replication in Eukaryotes01:29

Replication in Eukaryotes

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In eukaryotic cells, DNA replication is highly conserved and tightly regulated. Multiple linear chromosomes must be duplicated with high fidelity before cell division, so there are many proteins that fulfill specialized roles in the replication process. Replication occurs in three phases: initiation, elongation, and termination, and ends with two complete sets of chromosomes in the nucleus.
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In eukaryotic DNA replication, a single-stranded DNA fragment remains at the end of a chromosome after the removal of the final primer. This section of DNA cannot be replicated in the same manner as the rest of the strand because there is no 3’ end to which the newly synthesized DNA can attach. This non-replicated fragment results in gradual loss of the chromosomal DNA during each cell duplication. Additionally, it can induce a DNA damage response by enzymes that recognize single-stranded...
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In response to DNA damage, cells can pause the cell cycle to assess and repair the breaks. However, the cell must check the DNA at certain critical stages during the cell cycle. If the cell cycle pauses before DNA replication, the cells will contain twice the amount of DNA. On the other hand, if cells arrest after DNA replication but before mitosis, they will contain four times the normal amount of DNA. With a host of specialized proteins at their disposal,cells must use the right protein at...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 11, 2025

Combining Mitotic Cell Synchronization and High Resolution Confocal Microscopy to Study the Role of Multifunctional Cell Cycle Proteins During Mitosis
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CST in maintaining genome stability: Beyond telomeres.

Xinxing Lyu1, Pau Biak Sang2, Weihang Chai2

  • 1Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, 250062, China; Department of Cancer Biology, Cardinal Bernardin Cancer Center, Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, IL, 60153, United States.

DNA Repair
|March 29, 2021
PubMed
Summary

The human CST (CTC1-STN1-TEN1) complex, beyond telomeres, is crucial for genome stability. Recent research highlights its roles in DNA replication, repair, and ATR-CHK1 activation, offering insights into related diseases.

Keywords:
CTC1-STN1-TEN1DNA replicationDSB repairFork stallingGenome stabilityReplication stress

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • The human CST (CTC1-STN1-TEN1) complex is a key single-stranded DNA binding protein.
  • While known for telomere maintenance, its broader genome stability roles are increasingly recognized.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and discuss recent discoveries on the human CST complex's functions in global genome maintenance.
  • To provide insights into the CST supercomplex structure and its involvement in DNA replication and repair pathways.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and synthesis of recent research findings.
  • Discussion of the human CST complex's role in various DNA maintenance pathways.

Main Results:

  • The human CST complex participates in unperturbed DNA replication, stalled replication, and double-strand break repair.
  • Emerging evidence links CST to the ATR-CHK1 DNA damage response pathway.
  • The structure of the CST supercomplex is being elucidated.

Conclusions:

  • The human CST complex is a vital component of genome maintenance beyond telomeres.
  • Understanding CST functions is critical for elucidating the pathogenesis of associated diseases.