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Corneocytes: Relationship between Structural and Biomechanical Properties.

Ana S Évora1, Michael J Adams1, Simon A Johnson1

  • 1School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom.

Skin Pharmacology and Physiology
|March 29, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Corneocytes, the cells of the stratum corneum, possess distinct mechanical properties and structural changes that enhance skin integrity and barrier function against mechanical stress. Their maturation process is crucial for skin

Keywords:
CorneocyteCorneodesmosomesCornified envelopeMechanical propertiesSkinStratum corneum

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Area of Science:

  • Dermatology and Biophysics
  • Skin Barrier Function Research
  • Cellular Mechanics

Background:

  • The skin's outermost layer, the stratum corneum (SC), protects against external mechanical insults.
  • The SC is composed of corneocytes, which are essential for skin barrier function.
  • Corneocytes are dead keratinocytes featuring a cornified envelope and keratin interior, linked by corneodesmosomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the link between corneocyte morphology, structure, and mechanical properties.
  • To understand how these features contribute to the SC's mechanical resistance and skin integrity.
  • To elucidate the role of corneocyte maturation in skin's response to mechanical stress.

Main Methods:

  • Review of literature on corneocyte morphology, structure, and mechanical properties.
  • Analysis of corneocyte features across different skin layers and body sites.
  • Comparison of corneocyte mechanical properties with other cell types.

Main Results:

  • Corneocytes exhibit regional differences within the SC: immature inner SC cells are fragile, while mature upper SC cells are resilient.
  • Upper SC corneocytes have greater surface area and less thickness, with a honeycomb distribution of corneodesmosomes.
  • Corneocyte mechanical properties are significantly higher (hundreds of MPa) than other cell types (kPa), with distinct moduli for the cornified envelope and keratin matrix.

Conclusions:

  • The maturation process of corneocytes is critical for the mechanical resistance and barrier function of the stratum corneum.
  • Corneocyte morphology varies by body site, influencing skin characteristics.
  • Understanding corneocyte mechanics provides insights into maintaining skin integrity and preventing pressure ulcers.