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Updated: Nov 11, 2025
Morphological and Functional Assessment of the Right Ventricle Using 3D Echocardiography
Published on: October 28, 2020
Elucidating the mechanisms underlying left ventricular function recovery in patients with ischemic heart failure
Serenella Castelvecchio1, Matteo Frigelli2, Francesco Sturla2
1Cardiac Surgery Department, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Italy.
Objective:
The study objective was to elucidate the mechanisms of left ventricle functional recovery in terms of endocardial contractility and synchronicity after surgical ventricular reconstruction.
Methods:
Real-time 3-dimensional transthoracic echocardiography was performed on 20 patients with anterior left ventricle remodeling and ischemic heart failure before surgical ventricular reconstruction and at 6-month follow-up, and on 15 healthy controls matched by age and body surface area. Real-time 3-dimensional transthoracic echocardiography datasets were analyzed through TomTec software (4D LV-Analysis; TomTec Imaging Systems GmbH, Unterschleissheim, Germany): Left ventricle volumes, ejection fraction, and global longitudinal strain were computed; the time-dependent endocardial surface yielded by 3-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography was postprocessed through in-house software to quantify local systolic minimum principal strain as a measure of fiber shortening and mechanical dispersion as a measure of fiber synchronicity.
Results:
Compared with controls, patients with heart failure before surgical ventricular reconstruction showed lower ejection fraction (P < .0001) and significantly impaired mechanical dispersion (P < .0001) and minimum principal strain (P < .0001); the latter worsened progressively from left ventricle base to apex. After surgical ventricular reconstruction, global longitudinal strain improved from -6.7% to -11.3% (P < .0001); mechanical dispersion decreased in every left ventricle region (P ≤ .017) and mostly in the basal region, where computed mechanical dispersion values were comparable to physiologic values (P ≥ .046); minimum principal strain improved mostly in the basal region, changing from -16.6% to -22.3% (P = .0027).
Conclusions:
At 6-month follow-up, surgical ventricular reconstruction was associated with significant recovery in global left ventricle function, improved mechanical dispersion indicating a more synchronous left ventricle contraction, and improved left ventricle fiber shortening mostly in the basal region, suggesting the major role of the remote myocardium in enhancing left ventricle functional recovery.
