Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jul 11, 2026

Quantifying Infra-slow Dynamics of Spectral Power and Heart Rate in Sleeping Mice
Published on: August 2, 2017
Respiratory rhythm multistability during sleep-wake states
J F Vibert1, A S Foutz, D Caille
1Laboratoire de Physiologie, CHU St Antoine, Paris, France.
Abstract:
Respiratory period (RP) changes occurring during sleep-waking states were studied during 5- to 8-h recording sessions in chronic cats. RP distribution was clearly trimodal, the shortest mode occurring essentially during alert wakefulness, the largest mode during slow wave sleep and the intermediate mode during drowsy wakefulness. Immediate shifts were observed at instant awakening, whereas after an EEG arousal lasting a few seconds, the RP could remain short for several minutes. Results suggest that the respiratory pattern generator depends upon several attractors.
Related Concept Videos
Respiratory Volumes and Capacities I
Assessment of Ventilation II: Respiratory Depth and Rhythm
Respiratory depth measures the volume of air inhaled or exhaled during a breath. It can vary from shallow to deep and typically remains consistent when a person is at rest or asleep. Occasionally, individuals will automatically inhale deeply, known as sighing, which inflates the lungs with more air than normal breathing.
To assess respiratory depth, observe the degree of chest excursion or movement:
Alterations in Respiration II
In Biot's breathing, the respiratory rate and depth are irregular, alternating between periods of deep gasping and apnea. Common causes include...
Sleep-Wake Cycles
NREM Sleep
NREM sleep comprises four progressive stages that seamlessly merge:
Stages of Sleep
Before sleep begins, in wakefulness, the brain exhibits primarily beta waves, which are high in frequency and low in amplitude, indicating alertness...
REM Sleep Behavior Disorder
RBD is significantly associated with...

