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Role of Hippocampus in Memory01:19

Role of Hippocampus in Memory

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The hippocampus, a critical brain structure, plays an essential role in memory processing, particularly in the formation and retrieval of memory. This small, seahorse-shaped region is located within the medial temporal lobe, with one hippocampus in each brain hemisphere. Experimental studies involving lesions in the hippocampi of rats have demonstrated significant impairments in tasks such as object recognition and maze navigation, indicating the hippocampus involvement in both recognition and...
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Long-term Depression01:03

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Long-term depression, or LTD, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTD is the process of synaptic weakening that occurs over time between pre and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic weakening of LTD works in opposition to synaptic strengthening by long-term potentiation (LTP) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
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Long-term Depression01:05

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Long-term depression, or LTD, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTD is the process of synaptic weakening that occurs over time between pre and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic weakening of LTD works in opposition to synaptic strengthening by long-term potentiation (LTP) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
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Higher Mental Functions of Brain: Learning and Memory01:26

Higher Mental Functions of Brain: Learning and Memory

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Memory is one of the most vital higher mental functions of the brain. Memory is closely related to learning because it enables us to retain information and experiences from our past to use them in our present life. It also helps us to remember facts, events, and skills, such as riding a bike or swimming. There are two types of memory — declarative memory, which involves memorizing facts or events, and procedural memory, which enables us to remember how to do something like writing or...
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Role of Neurotransmitters in Memory01:23

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Neurotransmitters are integral to the brain's communication system, enabling neurons to transmit signals across synapses. This chemical exchange underpins various cognitive functions, including memory processes. The role of neurotransmitters in memory is multifaceted, influencing the encoding, consolidation, and retrieval of memories through their action on different neural circuits.
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Long-term Potentiation01:25

Long-term Potentiation

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Long-term potentiation, or LTP, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTP is the process of synaptic strengthening that occurs over time between pre and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic strengthening of LTP works in opposition to the synaptic weakening of long-term depression (LTD) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 11, 2025

Investigations on Alterations of Hippocampal Circuit Function Following Mild Traumatic Brain Injury
10:59

Investigations on Alterations of Hippocampal Circuit Function Following Mild Traumatic Brain Injury

Published on: November 19, 2012

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An inhibitory hippocampal-thalamic pathway modulates remote memory retrieval.

Gisella Vetere1,2, Frances Xia1,3, Adam I Ramsaran1,4

  • 1Program in Neurosciences & Mental Health, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

Nature Neuroscience
|March 30, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The anterodorsal thalamic nucleus disengages during memory consolidation. This disengagement, mediated by a CA3 inhibitory projection, is crucial for recalling remote contextual fear memories in mice.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Systems Neuroscience
  • Memory Research

Background:

  • Memory recall relies on distributed hippocampal-thalamic-cortical networks.
  • Brain region activity changes with memory age during systems consolidation.
  • Some brain regions decrease activity as memories age.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate how brain region activity changes during systems consolidation.
  • Identify specific brain regions and projections involved in memory reorganization.
  • Determine the role of the anterodorsal thalamic nucleus in remote memory recall.

Main Methods:

  • Studied memory recall in mice at different time-points post-learning.
  • Examined the activation of hippocampal, thalamic, and cortical brain regions.
  • Identified inhibitory projections from CA3 to the anterodorsal thalamic nucleus.

Main Results:

  • The anterodorsal thalamic nucleus disengages during remote memory recall.
  • A sparse inhibitory projection from CA3 to the anterodorsal thalamic nucleus becomes more active during systems consolidation.
  • This CA3 projection is necessary for remote, but not recent, contextual fear memory retrieval.

Conclusions:

  • Active disengagement of the anterodorsal thalamic nucleus is essential for remote memory retrieval.
  • A specific CA3 inhibitory projection mediates this disengagement during systems consolidation.
  • This finding sheds light on the neural mechanisms of memory consolidation and reorganization.