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Related Concept Videos

Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones01:20

Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones

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Low blood levels of the thyroid hormones — triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) — signal the hypothalamus to release the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). TRH then reaches the pituitary gland and stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH) into the bloodstream.
Upon reaching the thyroid gland, TSH stimulates the follicular cells' active uptake of iodide ions from the blood. The ions diffuse to the apical surface of the cells and are oxidized to iodine. The...
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The Thyroid Gland01:23

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The thyroid gland is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located in the neck and covers the anterior surface of the trachea. The gland has two lateral lobes connected by a thin tissue mass called the isthmus. Internally, each lobe comprises many small spherical structures known as thyroid follicles, surrounded by a network of blood vessels.
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The thyroid hormone (TH) plays a pivotal role in the intricate orchestration of physiological processes, exerting profound effects on development, metabolism, and homeostasis throughout different life stages.
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Diagnosing acute coronary syndrome or ACS begins with a thorough patient history. Notable symptoms include central, crushing chest pain radiating to the left arm, neck, jaw, or back, along with shortness of breath, sweating (diaphoresis), nausea, vomiting, dizziness, and palpitations.It is crucial to note any history of cardiac illnesses and assess risk factors, including age, gender, smoking, hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and a sedentary lifestyle.During physical examination, vital...
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Therapeutic Drug Monitoring (TDM) is the clinical practice of measuring specific drug levels in a patient's blood or body tissues to manage and optimize therapy. TDM is crucial for drugs with narrow therapeutic windows, like warfarin and phenytoin, where incorrect doses can lead to treatment failure or severe side effects. This monitoring ensures the dosage administered is within a safe and effective range. The factors affecting therapeutic drug monitoring include:Patient-Specific Factors:a.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 11, 2025

Author Spotlight: Integrating Ultrasound Imaging with Biochemical Markers for Thyroid Disease Diagnosis
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Author Spotlight: Integrating Ultrasound Imaging with Biochemical Markers for Thyroid Disease Diagnosis

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Thyroid function analysis in COVID-19: A retrospective study from a single center.

Jahanzeb Malik1, Asmara Malik2, Muhammad Javaid1

  • 1Department of Cardiology, Rawalpindi Institute of Cardiology, Rawalpindi, Pakistan.

Plos One
|March 30, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

COVID-19 significantly impacts thyroid function, with most patients showing abnormalities. Interleukin-6 and thyroid hormones like TT3 are key predictors of disease severity in COVID-19 patients.

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Pulmonology

Background:

  • Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) presents multifaceted physiological effects.
  • Thyroid function is notably impacted by COVID-19 infection.
  • Understanding these sequelae is crucial for managing patient outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the long-term effects of COVID-19 on thyroid hormone levels.
  • To correlate thyroid function changes with the clinical severity of COVID-19 pneumonia.
  • To identify potential biomarkers for predicting COVID-19 disease course.

Main Methods:

  • Assessed thyroid function, IL-6, and Procalcitonin in 76 patients (48 COVID-19 positive, 28 negative).
  • Categorized patients based on pneumonia severity (moderate, severe, critical) via HRCT.
  • Utilized logistic regression and ROC curve analysis for risk factor and marker identification.

Main Results:

  • 75% of COVID-19 patients exhibited thyroid abnormalities and elevated IL-6 levels.
  • IL-6, TT3, and Procalcitonin were identified as independent risk factors for COVID-19.
  • IL-6 demonstrated the highest sensitivity, with TT3 and Procalcitonin also predicting disease presence.

Conclusions:

  • Serum TSH and TT3 level alterations are significant indicators in COVID-19 pneumonia.
  • This pilot study highlights the endocrine system's involvement in COVID-19.
  • Findings suggest thyroid function monitoring may aid in assessing COVID-19 progression.