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Rejuvenation Through Oxygen, More or Less.

Shraddha M Kamat1, Andrew R Mendelsohn2, James W Larrick2

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|March 31, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Intermittent hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) shows promise for rejuvenation in older adults by increasing telomere length and reducing senescent cells. HBOT also enhances cognitive function, particularly attention and processing speed.

Keywords:
cognitive declinehyperbaric oxygen therapyhyperoxic–hypoxic paradoxhypoxiaimmunosenescence

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Area of Science:

  • Cellular and Molecular Biology
  • Gerontology
  • Physiology

Background:

  • Modulating oxygen intake, including intermittent hypoxia or hyperoxia, can induce rejuvenative changes in mammals.
  • Hypoxia-induced factor 1-alpha (HIF-1a) is a key regulator activated by both low and transiently high oxygen levels.
  • Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) utilizes a hyperoxic-hypoxic paradox to induce protective factors, mimicking some effects of hypoxia while uniquely upregulating SIRT1.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effects of intermittent hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) on aging biomarkers and cognitive function in older adults.
  • To assess changes in immune cell telomere length and senescence markers following HBOT.
  • To evaluate HBOT's impact on cognitive performance and cerebral blood flow (CBF).

Main Methods:

  • A small clinical trial involving 60 sessions of intermittent HBOT in older human participants.
  • Analysis of mean telomere length in immune cells (B cells, NK cells, T helper, cytotoxic T lymphocytes).
  • Assessment of CD28null senescent T cells and cognitive functions including attention and information processing speed, correlated with CBF.

Main Results:

  • Significant increases in mean telomere length of various immune cells were observed.
  • A notable reduction in CD28null senescent T cells was reported.
  • HBOT enhanced cognitive functions, specifically attention and information processing speed, linked to increased CBF in relevant brain regions.

Conclusions:

  • Preliminary findings suggest HBOT may induce modest rejuvenative effects in older adults, including improved immune cell health and cognitive function.
  • Further research is needed to confirm durability and explore underlying mechanisms, such as the connection between hypoxia and epigenetic regulation.
  • HBOT presents a potential therapeutic strategy for mitigating age-related decline, warranting more extensive characterization of aging biomarkers.