Detection and localization of S₁ and S₂ heart sounds by 3rd order normalized average Shannon energy envelope...

Adults born after 1970s are more prone to cardiovascular diseases. Death rate percentage is quite high due to heart related diseases. Therefore, there is necessity to enquire the problem or detection of heart diseases earlier for their proper treatment. As, Valvular heart disease, that is, stenosis and regurgitation of heart valve, are also a major cause of heart failure; which can be diagnosed at early-stage by detection and analysis of heart sound signal, that is, HS signal. In this proposed work, an attempt has been made to detect and localize the major heart sounds, that is, S₁ and S₂. The work in this article consists of three parts. Firstly, self-acquisition of Phonocardiogram (PCG) and Electrocardiogram (ECG) signal through a self-assembled, data-acquisition set-up. The Phonocardiogram (PCG) signal is acquired from all the four auscultation areas, that is, Aortic, Pulmonic, Tricuspid and Mitral on human chest, using electronic stethoscope. Secondly, the major heart sounds, that is, S₁ and S₂are detected using 3rd Order Normalized Average Shannon energy Envelope (3rd Order NASE) Algorithm. Further, an auto-thresholding has been used to localize time gates of S₁ and S₂ and that of R-peaks of simultaneously recorded ECG signal. In third part; the successful detection rate of S₁ and S₂, from self-acquired PCG signals is computed and compared. A total of 280 samples from same subjects as well as from different subjects (of age group 15-30 years) have been taken in which 70 samples are taken from each auscultation area of human chest. Moreover, simultaneous recording of ECG has also been performed. It was analyzed and observed that detection and localization of S₁ and S₂ found 74% successful for the self-acquired heart sound signal, if the heart sound data is recorded from pulmonic position of Human chest. The success rate could be much higher, if standard data base of heart sound signal would be used for the same analysis method. The, remaining three auscultations areas, that is, Aortic, Tricuspid, and Mitral have smaller success rate of detection of S₁ and S₂ from self-acquired PCG signals. So, this work justifies that the Pulmonic position of heart is most suitable auscultation area for acquiring PCG signal for detection and localization of S₁ and S₂ much accurately and for analysis purpose.