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Related Concept Videos

Gastritis-II: Pathophysiology01:17

Gastritis-II: Pathophysiology

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Gastritis is marked by disruption of the mucosal barrier that usually protects the stomach tissue from digestive juices and manifests in acute and chronic forms.
In acute gastritis, the gastric mucosa becomes swollen and red and undergoes superficial erosion. Superficial ulceration may lead to bleeding.
In chronic gastritis, persistent or repeated insults lead to chronic inflammatory changes and, eventually, thinning or atrophy of the gastric tissue.
Gastritis can stem from various causes, each...
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Gastritis-I: Introduction and Types01:27

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Gastritis, defined by the inflammation or irritation of the stomach lining or gastric mucosa, manifests in several distinct forms: acute, chronic, reactive, and a specific subtype known as autoimmune metaplastic atrophic gastritis.
Acute gastritis presents as a sudden inflammation triggered by various stressors to the stomach lining, such as exposure to corrosive agents, local irritants like aspirin and other NSAIDs, alcohol consumption, radiation therapy, physical trauma, severe burns, sepsis,...
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Gastritis III: Clinical Manifestations and Management01:23

Gastritis III: Clinical Manifestations and Management

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The clinical manifestations of gastritis can vary depending on the cause and type of gastritis, but some common symptoms may include the following.
Clinical manifestations of acute gastritis
The patient with acute gastritis may have a rapid onset of symptoms, such as epigastric pain or discomfort, dyspepsia, anorexia, hiccups, or nausea and vomiting, which can last from a few hours to a few days. Erosive or hemorrhagic gastritis may cause bleeding, which may manifest as blood in vomit or as...
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Peptic Ulcer Disease III: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies01:28

Peptic Ulcer Disease III: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies

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Peptic ulcer disease (PUD) presents with diverse symptoms depending on the location and severity of the ulcer. Clinical manifestations of peptic ulcer include dull pain and a burning sensation in the mid-epigastric region.
Few clinical manifestations differentiate gastric ulcers from duodenal ulcers. Distinctions in the location, timing, and pain relief are crucial for healthcare providers in differentiating between gastric and duodenal ulcers during clinical assessments.
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Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease I: Meaning and Pathophysiology01:29

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease I: Meaning and Pathophysiology

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Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) involves the recurrent backflow of the stomach or duodenal contents into the esophagus, leading to troublesome symptoms and potential esophageal mucosal damage. Although GERD is often referred to as a disease, it is more accurately described as a syndrome, as it encompasses a range of symptoms and complications rather than a singular pathological entity, impacting a large number of individuals as the most prevalent upper gastrointestinal problem. Roughly...
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Other Disorders of Digestive System01:30

Other Disorders of Digestive System

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The gastrointestinal tract is susceptible to various disorders. If the lower esophageal sphincter is damaged, stomach acid can flow back into the esophagus, causing irritation and inflammation of the lining. This condition is called gastroesophageal reflux disease (known as heartburn) and may cause chest pain and difficulty swallowing. In the stomach, prolonged use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs like aspirin, chronic alcohol consumption, bacterial infections such as Helicobacter...
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Gastritis: The clinico-pathological spectrum.

Massimo Rugge1, Edoardo Savarino2, Marta Sbaraglia3

  • 1Department of Medicine (DIMED), Surgical Pathology & Cytopathology Unit, Padova University, Padova, Italy; Veneto Tumor Registry (RTV), Azienda Zero, Padova, Italy.

Digestive and Liver Disease : Official Journal of the Italian Society of Gastroenterology and the Italian Association for the Study of the Liver
|March 31, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Preventing gastric cancer involves understanding gastritis, an inflammation linked to H. pylori or autoimmune conditions. Eradicating H. pylori and managing chronic gastritis are key for primary and secondary cancer prevention.

Keywords:
Atrophic borderAtrophic gastritisAutoimmune gastritisGastric biopsy protocolGastric cancerGastric metaplasiaIntestinal MetaplasiaOLGA stagingSPEM

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Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Oncology
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Gastric diseases encompass a spectrum of clinico-pathological entities, with etiology recently defined by the international Kyoto classification.
  • Gastritis diagnosis integrates gross (endoscopic) and microscopic (histologic) examination findings.
  • Understanding gastric mucosal heterogeneity is crucial for representative biopsy sampling.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the link between non-self-limiting gastritis and gastric cancer development.
  • To highlight the role of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) and autoimmune gastritis in oncogenesis.
  • To emphasize the importance of gastritis staging in gastric cancer prevention strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Review of international classifications and biological models of gastritis.
  • Analysis of epidemiological, biological, and clinical data linking gastritis to cancer.
  • Evaluation of long-term follow-up studies on gastritis staging and prognosis.

Main Results:

  • Non-self-limiting gastritis, including H. pylori and autoimmune gastritis, is linked to gastric cancer.
  • H. pylori, a class 1 carcinogen, necessitates eradication for primary gastric cancer prevention.
  • Gastric mucosal atrophy resulting from chronic inflammation is a primary factor in gastric carcinogenesis.

Conclusions:

  • Eradication of H. pylori is essential for preventing gastric cancer.
  • Management of autoimmune gastritis and its associated mucosal atrophy is critical.
  • Histological staging of gastritis significantly impacts secondary prevention strategies for gastric cancer.