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Double ENEs (dENEs) bind poly(A) RNA, protecting the tail end. This RNA-binding motif does not cause major structural changes, revealing new poly(A) tail interaction mechanisms.

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Structural Biology
  • Bioinformatics

Background:

  • Cis-acting RNA elements regulate polyadenylated RNA stability.
  • The element for nuclear expression (ENE) stabilizes RNA by sequestering the poly(A) tail through triplex formation, inhibiting decay.
  • Double ENEs (dENEs), a subclass of ENEs, feature two ENE motifs and have been identified in diverse genomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the structure of a rice-derived dENE (TWIFB1) before and after poly(A) binding.
  • To elucidate the local and global structural changes in dENE upon poly(A) interaction.
  • To understand the directionality and specific motifs involved in dENE-poly(A) binding.

Main Methods:

  • Biochemical structure probing
  • Small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS)
  • Cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM)

Main Results:

  • The study determined the directionality of poly(A) binding to the dENE.
  • A specific motif within the dENE protects the 3'-most seven adenylates of the poly(A) tail.
  • No significant global conformational change was observed in the dENE upon poly(A) binding.

Conclusions:

  • The dENE-poly(A) interaction protects a specific region of the poly(A) tail.
  • dENEs do not undergo substantial global structural rearrangements when binding poly(A).
  • These findings expand our understanding of poly(A) tail biology and RNA-RNA interactions.