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Geriatric nutritional risk index predicts all-cause mortality in patients with heart failure: A systematic review and
Chao-Hui Dong1, Si-Yu Chen2, Hong-Lian Zeng1
1Department of Health Management Center, Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University, Jinniu district, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province, China.
Insights
The Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index (GNRI) effectively predicts all-cause mortality in heart failure (HF) patients. Lower GNRI scores indicate a significantly higher risk of mortality in this population.
Area of Science:
- Geriatric Medicine
- Cardiology
- Nutritional Science
Background:
- Heart failure (HF) is a complex condition with high mortality rates.
- Nutritional status is increasingly recognized as a critical factor in HF patient outcomes.
- The Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index (GNRI) is a validated tool for assessing nutritional status in older adults.
Purpose of the Study:
- To conduct a meta-analysis evaluating the association between the Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index (GNRI) and all-cause mortality in patients with heart failure (HF).
- To synthesize evidence from multiple studies to provide a robust estimate of GNRI's predictive value for mortality in HF.
Main Methods:
- Systematic literature search of major databases including PubMed, Medline, Cochrane Library, and Embase.
- Inclusion of nine studies comprising 7,659 patients with heart failure.
- Meta-analysis focused on all-cause mortality as the primary endpoint.
Main Results:
- A GNRI below 92 (major/moderate risk) was significantly associated with increased all-cause mortality in elderly HF patients (HR 1.59, 95% CI 1.37-1.85).
- A GNRI below 98 (low risk) also predicted increased all-cause mortality compared to higher GNRI values (HR 1.56, 95% CI 1.12-2.18).
- Subgroup analysis suggested that the GNRI-mortality relationship may vary depending on HF subtype.
Conclusions:
- The Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index (GNRI) is a simple, well-established tool for predicting all-cause mortality in heart failure patients.
- GNRI serves as a valuable prognostic indicator in the management of elderly individuals with HF.
- Nutritional assessment using GNRI can aid in risk stratification and potentially guide interventions in HF care.
Objectives:
Geriatric nutritional risk index (GNRI) might predict the all-cause mortality in patients with heart failure (HF). We performed a meta-analysis to evaluate the correlation between GNRI and all-cause mortality in patients with HF.
Methods:
We searched the PubMed, Medline, Cochrane Library, and Embase databases for clinical trials investigating the association between GNRI and all-cause mortality in patients with HF, having the primary endpoint as all-cause mortality.
Results:
In total, nine studies involving 7,659 subjects were included in the systematic review and meta-analysis. The results indicated that major risk and moderate risk GNRI (GNRI<92) was associated with an increased risk of all-cause mortality in elderly patients with HF (hazard ratios [HR] 1.59, 95% confidence intervals [CI] 1.37-1.85). Low risk GNRI (GNRI<98) group predicted all-cause mortality in elderly HF patients (HR 1.56, 95%CI 1.12-2.18) when compared with the high GNRI value group. A subgroup analysis indicated that the relationship between GNRI and HF might differ based on the subtype of heart failure.
Conclusions:
GNRI is a simple and well-established nutritional assessment tool to predict all-cause mortality in patients with HF.
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