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Related Concept Videos

Antiasthma Drugs: Muscarinic Receptor Antagonists01:20

Antiasthma Drugs: Muscarinic Receptor Antagonists

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Muscarinic receptor antagonists, also known as antimuscarinic agents, are a class of bronchodilators used to treat asthma, although they are more commonly used to treat COPD. They work by inhibiting the action of acetylcholine (ACh), a neurotransmitter, on muscarinic receptors found in the airways.
Antimuscarinic agents compete with ACh for the same binding site on the muscarinic receptors. By binding to these receptors, they inhibit the downstream effects of ACh and block the parasympathetic...
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Antiasthma Drugs: Mast Cell Stabilizers and Anti-IgE Drugs01:25

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Asthma is a chronic respiratory condition for which new therapeutic avenues, including anti-inflammatory drugs like mast cell stabilizers and anti-IgE treatments, continue to be developed.
Mast cell stabilizers, such as cromolyn (also known as sodium cromoglycate) and nedocromil (Tilade), are effective drugs in asthma management. These stabilizers hinder histamine release by skillfully obstructing the activation of mast cells and other cellular entities. Notably, they navigate this task without...
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Antiasthma Drugs: Leukotriene Modifiers01:19

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Leukotriene modifiers, or cysteinyl leukotriene receptor antagonists, are medications used to manage chronic asthma. These agents target specific inflammatory mediators produced during arachidonic acid metabolism, an essential process in generating inflammation in the body.
Leukotriene modifiers work through two distinct mechanisms:
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Drugs Used in Lower Respiratory Disorders: Overview01:17

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Lower respiratory tract disorders present challenges that often require skilled and nuanced approaches for effective management. Common ailments, such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), have prompted the development of intricate treatment strategies involving bronchodilators and anti-inflammatory drugs, each tailored to ease breathing and revitalize the lungs.
Bronchodilators, the first step of respiration enhancement, come in various forms, each with its own mechanism...
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Asthma: Pathogenesis and Management01:20

Asthma: Pathogenesis and Management

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Asthma is a chronic pulmonary condition involving inflammation of the airways, hyper-reactivity, and reversible obstruction of the airways. This condition can significantly impact a person's quality of life, making breathing difficult and leading to distressing symptoms.
Asthma is classified as allergic and non-allergic. Allergens such as dust mites, pollen, and pet dander trigger allergic asthma, while factors like cold air, intense emotions, or exercise can induce non-allergic asthma.
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Antiasthma Drugs: Methylxanthines01:24

Antiasthma Drugs: Methylxanthines

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Theophylline, a member of the methylxanthine class of bronchodilators, has long been used in asthma management. While its exact mechanism of action is not fully understood, it is believed to have multiple effects on various cellular processes.
Theophylline is thought to inhibit phosphodiesterase enzymes, increasing intracellular levels of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP). This rise in cAMP and cGMP concentrations stimulates cardiac function,...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 10, 2025

Lung microRNA Profiling Across the Estrous Cycle in Ozone-exposed Mice
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MicroRNA Targets for Asthma Therapy.

Sabrina C Ramelli1, William T Gerthoffer2

  • 1Critical Care Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology
|March 31, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Targeting microRNAs offers a promising new approach for treating severe asthma, particularly in patients unresponsive to standard therapies. Further research is needed to optimize delivery and identify the best microRNA targets for effective oligonucleotide-based treatments.

Keywords:
AntisenseAsthmaHouse dust miteLNAMicroRNAOligonucleotideOvalbuminRNAiTherapy

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Pulmonology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Asthma is a chronic obstructive lung disease with diverse endotypes, including Th2 high and Th2 low phenotypes.
  • Standard therapies like inhaled corticosteroids are ineffective for 5-10% of severe asthma cases.
  • Pro-inflammatory microRNAs are implicated in asthma pathogenesis, offering potential therapeutic targets.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the potential of targeting pro-inflammatory microRNAs for severe asthma treatment.
  • To review current strategies using microRNA mimics and antagonists.
  • To identify challenges and future directions for oligonucleotide-based asthma therapies.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing studies on microRNA targeting in mouse models of asthma.
  • Analysis of chemically modified oligonucleotides for enhanced stability and specificity.
  • Discussion of delivery challenges and requirements for clinical application.

Main Results:

  • MicroRNA targeting has shown efficacy in preclinical asthma models.
  • Chemically modified oligonucleotides offer improved pharmacokinetic properties.
  • Lung tissue delivery remains a significant hurdle for clinical translation.

Conclusions:

  • MicroRNA-based therapies represent a novel anti-inflammatory strategy for severe asthma.
  • Optimization of delivery systems and target identification are crucial for clinical success.
  • Future oligonucleotide drug candidates require high lung cell uptake, specificity, and efficacy with minimal off-target effects.