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Assessing cerebellar-cortical connectivity using concurrent TMS-EEG: a feasibility study.

Lara Fernandez1, Mana Biabani2, Michael Do1

  • 1Cognitive Neuroscience Unit, School of Psychology, Deakin University, Victoria, Australia.

Journal of Neurophysiology
|March 31, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Investigating cerebellar transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) with concurrent electroencephalography (EEG) revealed significant artifact contamination. Advanced filtering improved signal quality, but interpretation of cerebellarthalamocortical activity requires caution.

Keywords:
TMS-EEGcerebellumdouble-cone coilnoninvasive stimulation

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Neurophysiology
  • Brain Stimulation

Background:

  • Combined single-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and electroencephalography (EEG) are established methods for probing local cortical networks.
  • The potential of this technique to investigate long-range connections, specifically between the cerebellum and cerebral cortex, remains largely unexplored.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the feasibility of using TMS-EEG to explore cerebellarthalamocortical connections.
  • To evaluate the impact of different TMS coil types and artifact cleaning pipelines on signal quality.

Main Methods:

  • Ten healthy adults underwent single-pulse suprathreshold TMS to the cerebellum and a control site using double-cone and figure-of-eight coils, with concurrent EEG recording.
  • A multisensory electrical stimulation control condition was employed to mimic sensory confounds.
  • Two EEG cleaning pipelines were compared, focusing on spatiotemporal analysis at sensor and source levels.

Main Results:

  • Cerebellar stimulation with the double-cone coil generated substantial EEG artifact, which was partially mitigated by a SOUND filtering pipeline.
  • Cortical potentials evoked by TMS showed relationships with the control condition after approximately 50 ms.
  • A distinct parietal component at ~42 ms was observed following cerebellar double-cone stimulation, though its origin (network activation vs. sensory contamination) is uncertain.

Conclusions:

  • While advanced filtering can improve signal quality, cerebellar TMS-EEG is prone to significant artifact contamination.
  • Interpreting early evoked potentials requires careful consideration of potential sensory confounds and coil-driven artifacts.
  • This study underscores the need for caution when analyzing cerebellar TMS-EEG data to accurately assess cerebellarthalamocortical pathways.