Sulfated N-linked oligosaccharides in mammalian cells. I. Complex-type chains with sialic acids and O-sulfate esters

The structures of sulfated N-linked oligosaccharides have been reported for a few specific proteins. We recently demonstrated that such oligosaccharides occur in many different types of tissue culture cell lines (Freeze, H. H., and Varki, A. (1986) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 140, 967-973). Here we report improved methods to metabolically label cell lines with 35SO4 and to release sulfated N-linked oligosaccharides with peptide:N-glycosidase F as well as the partial structure of some of these novel oligosaccharides. The released 35SO4-labeled chains from Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells and bovine pulmonary artery endothelial cells (CPAE) were characterized by gel filtration, anion exchange and lectin affinity chromatography, and various enzymatic and chemical treatments. Each cell line contains a class of sulfated oligosaccharide chains bearing from two to six negative charges in varying combinations of O-sulfate esters and sialic acids. These molecules represent a significant proportion of both the total 35SO4 label and the total anionic N-linked oligosaccharides. They are also relatively enriched in a CHO mutant that is deficient in glycosaminoglycan chain synthesis. Lectin affinity chromatography of such molecules from CPAE cells indicates that the majority are sialylated multiantennary complex-type chains. The sulfate esters are exclusively of the primary type. Sequential exoglycosidase digestions, including beta-hexosaminidase A treatment at low pH, demonstrate that at least one-third of these sulfate esters are found in the following structure, (formula; see text) where R is the remainder of the underlying oligosaccharide, and SA is sialic acid. In addition to these molecules, a more highly charged group of sulfated N-linked oligosaccharides sharing structural features with glycosaminoglycans was found in CPAE cells, but not in CHO cells. These are described in the following paper (Sundblad, G., Holojda, S., Roux, L., Varki, A., and Freeze, H. H. (1988) J. Biol. Chem. 263, 8890-8896).