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Temperature and Estrogen Alter Predator-Prey Interactions between Fish Species.

J L Ward1, V Korn2, A N Auxier1

  • 1Department of Biology, Ball State University, 2111 W Riverside Ave, Muncie, IN 47306, USA.

Integrative Organismal Biology (Oxford, England)
|April 1, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Environmental estrogens like estrone (E1) increase fish mortality in predator-prey interactions, independent of temperature. E1 also reduced predator success, showing complex effects on aquatic food webs.

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental toxicology
  • Aquatic ecology
  • Ecotoxicology

Background:

  • Environmental estrogens are prevalent in waterways, impacting individual physiology.
  • Limited understanding exists on how these pollutants affect species interactions.
  • The influence of abiotic factors, like temperature, on contaminant effects is understudied.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effects of estrone (E1) and temperature on predator-prey interactions.
  • To examine the combined impacts of E1 and temperature on fathead minnows and bluegill sunfish.
  • To assess how E1 exposure influences predation mortality and predator success.

Main Methods:

  • A factorial experiment exposed larval fathead minnows and adult bluegill sunfish to E1 or control.
  • Fish were held at four seasonal temperatures (15°C, 18°C, 21°C, 24°C) for 30 days.
  • Predation trials were conducted to measure minnow survival and sunfish prey-capture success.

Main Results:

  • E1 exposure significantly increased fathead minnow mortality, irrespective of temperature.
  • Minnow survival decreased from 74% (control) to approximately 50% with E1 exposure.
  • Sunfish prey-capture success was reduced by E1 and showed an inverted U-shaped response to temperature, peaking at 21°C.

Conclusions:

  • Organismal interactions are vulnerable to estrogenic pollutants.
  • E1 disrupts predator-prey dynamics, increasing prey mortality while impairing predator efficiency.
  • Risk assessments must incorporate food web interactions and environmental factors like temperature.