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Creating Objects and Object Categories for Studying Perception and Perceptual Learning
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Visual statistical learning is modulated by arbitrary and natural categories.

Leeland L Rogers1, Su Hyoun Park2, Timothy J Vickery2

  • 1Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Delaware, 108 Wolf Hall, Newark, DE, 19716, USA. Leeland.Rogers@gmail.com.

Psychonomic Bulletin & Review
|April 1, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Visual statistical learning (VSL) extracts patterns from the environment. This study shows that VSL is influenced by both learned arbitrary categories and existing natural categories.

Keywords:
CategorizationCategory learningImplicit learningIncidental learningVisual statistical learning

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive psychology
  • Perception
  • Machine learning

Background:

  • Visual statistical learning (VSL) typically uses passive familiarization with novel stimuli.
  • The natural visual world involves complex stimuli and goal-driven learning.
  • How VSL functions alongside other learning types is less understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how VSL is affected by goal-driven learning contexts.
  • To examine the role of arbitrary and natural categories in VSL.
  • To understand the interplay between incidental and overt learning.

Main Methods:

  • Subjects learned arbitrary category mappings for fractals (Exp 1) and natural stimuli (Exp 2).
  • Participants engaged in trial-and-error learning of stimulus-response associations.
  • Visual statistical learning was assessed via a pair recognition task comparing same- vs. different-category pairs.

Main Results:

  • VSL was significantly shaped by the arbitrary categories subjects learned.
  • Natural categories also influenced VSL, with same-natural-category pairs learned more effectively.
  • The effects of arbitrary and natural categories on VSL did not interact.

Conclusions:

  • Observer's learning goals critically shape incidental visual statistical learning.
  • Preexisting knowledge of world structure, represented by natural categories, also impacts VSL.
  • VSL is not solely a passive process but is modulated by active learning and prior knowledge.