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Related Concept Videos

Asthma: Pathogenesis and Management01:20

Asthma: Pathogenesis and Management

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Asthma is a chronic pulmonary condition involving inflammation of the airways, hyper-reactivity, and reversible obstruction of the airways. This condition can significantly impact a person's quality of life, making breathing difficult and leading to distressing symptoms.
Asthma is classified as allergic and non-allergic. Allergens such as dust mites, pollen, and pet dander trigger allergic asthma, while factors like cold air, intense emotions, or exercise can induce non-allergic asthma.
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Respiratory System Abnormal Finding I: Inspection and Percussion01:30

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Respiratory system abnormalities are a significant concern in healthcare due to their potential to indicate underlying severe conditions like Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), asthma, and pneumonia. These abnormalities can often be detected through physical examination methods like inspection and percussion.
Inspection Findings
During an inspection, several findings may suggest the presence of respiratory distress or disease. Pursed-lip breathing, where exhalation is slowed by...
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Asthma-III: Symptoms and Complications01:24

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Asthma, a common chronic respiratory condition, is classified considering the frequency and severity of symptoms alongside lung function impairment. Understanding this classification is essential for appropriate treatment and management. Here's a detailed look at the classification of asthma and its clinical features and complications:
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Asthma III: Clinical Manifestations01:13

Asthma III: Clinical Manifestations

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Asthma presents with a characteristic pattern of episodic respiratory symptoms that reflect underlying airway inflammation, bronchoconstriction, and mucus hypersecretion. Although severity varies among individuals, certain clinical manifestations are considered hallmarks of the disorder and often guide diagnosis and assessment.Respiratory SymptomsA persistent cough is one of the most common early features of asthma. It is frequently dry and tends to worsen at night or in the early morning,...
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Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease II: Emphysema01:23

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease II: Emphysema

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Emphysema, a major phenotype of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), is characterized by irreversible destruction of alveolar walls and permanent enlargement of distal airspaces. Unlike chronic bronchitis, which primarily affects the airways, emphysema predominantly involves the lung parenchyma, where structural damage leads to airflow limitation.PathophysiologyIt most commonly results from prolonged exposure to cigarette smoke and other toxic gases, particularly cigarette smoke.
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Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease III: Chronic Bronchitis Features01:24

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease III: Chronic Bronchitis Features

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Chronic bronchitis is a key phenotype of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), characterized by airway-centered inflammation and mucus overproduction. It develops from long-term exposure to harmful particles or gases, most commonly cigarette smoke, which triggers a persistent inflammatory response.Cellular and Structural ChangesInflammation initially affects the large bronchi and later the smaller airways, with infiltration by immune cells, including neutrophils, macrophages, and...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 6, 2026

Bronchial Thermoplasty: A Novel Therapeutic Approach to Severe Asthma
14:39

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Bilateral abductor paresis masquerading as asthma.

C Randolph1, A Lapey, D C Shannon

  • 1Pediatric Pulmonary Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston.

The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology
|June 1, 1988
PubMed
Summary

Rare upper airway obstruction, mimicking asthma, caused a teen athlete

Area of Science:

  • Medicine
  • Pulmonology
  • Otolaryngology

Background:

  • Asthma is a common diagnosis for patients presenting with wheezing and shortness of breath.
  • Upper airway obstruction can present with similar symptoms, leading to misdiagnosis.
  • Vocal cord dysfunction is a rare cause of upper airway obstruction.

Observation:

  • A 16-year-old male athlete experienced persistent wheezing, snoring, hoarseness, and fatigue.
  • Symptoms included harsh inspiratory stridor and sleep apnea, unresponsive to asthma medications.
  • Physical examination revealed abnormal pulmonary function tests and upper airway fluoroscopy/endoscopy findings.

Findings:

  • Pulmonary function tests showed a flattened inspiratory loop and reduced peak flow.
  • Endoscopy confirmed bilateral vocal cord limitation, indicating vocal cord dysfunction.

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  • Sleep study revealed significant nocturnal desaturation and elevated CO2 levels.

    • Implications:

    • This case highlights the importance of considering rare upper airway lesions in asthma differentials.
    • Prompt diagnosis and appropriate management, such as continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), can resolve symptoms.
    • Timely intervention for vocal cord dysfunction prevents complications like sleep-disordered breathing.