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Sudden cardiac death: epidemiology, pathogenesis and management

Akshay Kumar1, Dor Mordehay Avishay2, Calvin Richard Jones2

  • 1Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.

Reviews in Cardiovascular Medicine
|April 1, 2021
PubMed

Insights

Sudden cardiac death (SCD) is a major cause of mortality. Recent advancements in screening, prevention, and technology are improving outcomes for patients at risk of SCD.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Sudden cardiac death (SCD) is a leading cause of death in Western countries, accounting for a significant portion of cardiovascular disease mortality.
  • Approximately half of all coronary heart disease patients experience mortality due to SCD.
  • Despite its prevalence, recent advancements have led to a decrease in SCD incidence.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review established and novel screening methods for patients at risk of SCD.
  • To discuss current and emerging treatments and preventive strategies for SCD.
  • To explore the impact of new technologies on SCD management.

Main Methods:

  • Review of established and emerging literature on SCD screening, prevention, and treatment.
  • Analysis of current epidemiologic trends and pathogenetic mechanisms.
  • Description of advancements in molecular autopsy, genetic testing, target temperature management, ECMO, CPR, and ICDs.

Main Results:

  • The article provides a comprehensive overview of SCD epidemiology and pathogenesis.
  • It details advancements in diagnostic tools like molecular autopsy and genetic testing.
  • It highlights the role of therapeutic interventions including target temperature management, ECMO, CPR, and various types of ICDs.

Conclusions:

  • Ongoing research and technological innovation are crucial for further reducing SCD mortality.
  • A multi-faceted approach involving risk stratification, early detection, and advanced interventions is key to managing SCD.
  • The integration of new technologies promises improved patient outcomes and prevention strategies for sudden cardiac death.

Keywords:
Cardiopulmonary resuscitationExtracorporeal membrane oxygenationSudden cardiac arrestSudden cardiac deathTransvenous and subcutaneous implantable cardioverter devices

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