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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 10, 2025

In Situ Isolation and Culturing of Recalcitrant Soil Bacteria using an Isolation Chip (iChip)
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Rare Bacteria Assembly in Soils Is Mainly Driven by Deterministic Processes.

Qicheng Xu1,2, Ning Ling3,4, Achim Quaiser2

  • 1Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China.

Microbial Ecology
|April 1, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Rare soil bacteria are not widespread but restricted to specific sites, with their assembly primarily driven by deterministic processes and influenced by soil pH. This challenges the notion of rare bacteria being cosmopolitan.

Keywords:
Bacterial assemblyDeterministic processNull model frameworkRare biosphereStochastic processTea garden soils

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Soil Ecology
  • Biogeography

Background:

  • Rare microbial species are vital for soil functions but their assembly rules are poorly understood.
  • Understanding rare bacterial communities is key to soil health and ecosystem services.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the biogeographic patterns and assembly rules of rare bacterial communities in Chinese tea soils.
  • To determine the influence of environmental and spatial factors on rare bacterial distribution.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of 140 soil samples across a 2000 km gradient.
  • Utilized variation partitioning analysis (VPA) and Mantel tests.
  • Employed null model analysis to distinguish deterministic and stochastic processes.

Main Results:

  • Rare taxa constituted approximately 96% of OTUs and 40% of sequences.
  • Rare bacterial communities showed significant regional effects and distance-decay patterns, indicating limited dispersal.
  • Environmental factors had a stronger influence (approx. 3 times) than spatial factors on rare bacterial assembly.
  • Deterministic processes (75%) dominated over stochastic processes (25%) in assembly, with soil pH being a key driver.

Conclusions:

  • Rare bacteria are not cosmopolitan and exhibit site-specific distributions.
  • Deterministic processes, particularly soil pH, are the primary drivers of rare bacterial community assembly.
  • The findings suggest potential functional enrichment within the rare bacterial biosphere due to deterministic assembly.