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Related Concept Videos

Obesity01:24

Obesity

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The Body Mass Index (BMI) is a numerical value derived from a person's weight and height, used to categorize individuals into weight ranges. It is calculated using the formula: weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared. Obesity is a health condition characterized by excessive accumulation of adipose tissue that poses health risks, often diagnosed with a BMI ≥ 30. This excess fat storage occurs when surplus dietary calories are converted into triglycerides and stored in...
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Hypodermis01:02

Hypodermis

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The hypodermis (the subcutaneous layer or superficial fascia) is present directly below the dermis. It connects the skin to the underlying fascia (fibrous tissue) of the bones and muscles. It is not strictly a part of the skin, although the border between the hypodermis and dermis can be difficult to distinguish. The hypodermis consists of well-vascularized, loose, areolar connective tissue and adipose tissue, which functions as a mode of fat storage and provides insulation and cushioning for...
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Pharmacokinetics in Obese Patients: Drug Absorption and Distribution01:25

Pharmacokinetics in Obese Patients: Drug Absorption and Distribution

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Obesity significantly alters the pharmacokinetic processes of drug absorption and distribution, presenting unique challenges in medical treatment. The increased fat tissue and decreased lean muscle in obese individuals can significantly affect how drugs are absorbed into the body and distributed across different tissues. This alteration can lead to variances in the effectiveness and safety of medications, necessitating adjustments in dosing or drug selection for obese patients.One notable...
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Cholesterol: Significance and Regulation01:29

Cholesterol: Significance and Regulation

978
Although not a source of energy, cholesterol plays a significant role as a foundational structure for bile salts, steroid hormones, and vitamin D, as well as being a crucial component of plasma membranes. Approximately 15% of blood cholesterol is derived from our diet, with the remainder synthesized from acetyl CoA by the liver and intestines. Cholesterol is eliminated from the body through its conversion into bile salts, which are eventually discarded in the feces.
Considering cholesterol and...
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Overview of Lipid Metabolism01:24

Overview of Lipid Metabolism

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Lipid metabolism is a crucial process in the human body that involves the synthesis and degradation of lipids. This process is essential for energy production, cell membrane formation, and hormone production, among other functions.
Lipolysis: The Breakdown of Lipids:
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Drug Dosing: Obese Patients01:21

Drug Dosing: Obese Patients

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In the United States, obesity is a prominent concern. It is linked to heightened mortality rates due to increased occurrences of conditions such as hypertension, atherosclerosis, coronary artery disease, and diabetes compared to nonobese individuals. A patient is classified as obese if their actual body weight surpasses the ideal or desirable body weight by 20%, based on Metropolitan Life Insurance Company data. Ideal body weights consider average weights and heights for males and females...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 10, 2025

Assessment of Human Adipose Tissue Microvascular Function Using Videomicroscopy
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Assessment of Human Adipose Tissue Microvascular Function Using Videomicroscopy

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Obesity, Adipose Tissue and Vascular Dysfunction.

Mascha Koenen1, Michael A Hill2,3, Paul Cohen1

  • 1Laboratory of Molecular Metabolism, The Rockefeller University, New York (M.K., P.C.).

Circulation Research
|April 1, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Obesity and excess body fat distribution significantly increase cardiovascular disease risk by negatively impacting blood vessels. Understanding how different fat tissues affect vascular health is crucial for preventing heart disease.

Keywords:
adipose tissuecardiovascular diseaseshypertensionobesity

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Science
  • Metabolic Disease Research
  • Adipose Tissue Biology

Background:

  • Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the primary global cause of mortality.
  • Obesity, affecting billions worldwide, exacerbates CVD risk through hypertension and insulin resistance.
  • Adipose tissue expansion during obesity critically impairs vascular function.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review how obesity-induced adipose tissue remodeling contributes to cardiovascular diseases.
  • To explore the differential impact of various adipose tissue depots on vascular health.
  • To discuss the role of adipose-derived factors and inflammation in obesity-related CVDs.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on adipose tissue depots and vascular dysfunction.
  • Analysis of the relationship between fat distribution and cardiovascular risk factors.
  • Examination of the local and systemic effects of adipose tissue in obesity.

Main Results:

  • Visceral adipose tissue accumulation promotes inflammation and vasoconstriction, increasing CVD risk.
  • Subcutaneous adipose tissue expansion is less detrimental compared to visceral fat.
  • Thermogenic brown and beige adipose tissues exhibit protective vascular effects.
  • Perivascular adipose tissue phenotype varies by location, influencing vascular function.

Conclusions:

  • Fat distribution, particularly visceral and perivascular adipose tissue, is a key determinant of cardiovascular disease risk.
  • Obesity-induced adipose tissue dysfunction, inflammation, and altered secretome contribute to hypertension, endothelial dysfunction, and vascular stiffness.
  • Targeting specific adipose tissue depots and their functions may offer novel strategies for cardiovascular disease prevention and treatment.