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Measurements of Strain

Measurements of Strain

Strain quantifies the deformation of a material under force, typically measured as normal strain, which represents the change in length when compared with the original length. Electrical strain gauges are used for enhanced accuracy. These devices consist of a conductive wire mounted on a paper backing that adheres to the material's surface. These gauges operate on the piezoresistive effect, where the wire's electrical resistance changes in response to mechanical deformation. The strain...

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Distributed dynamic strain sensing in coherent Φ-OTDR with a pulse conversion algorithm.

Heng Qian, Bin Luo, Haijun He

|April 1, 2021

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

A new chirped-pulse conversion algorithm (CPCA) enables dynamic strain quantification in phase-sensitive optical time-domain reflectometry (Φ-OTDR) without costly hardware. This digital method achieves high resolution over long distances.

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Area of Science:

Optoelectronics
Fiber optic sensing
Signal processing

Background:

Coherent phase-sensitive optical time-domain reflectometry (Φ-OTDR) is a powerful technique for distributed strain sensing.
Traditional Φ-OTDR systems often require complex chirp modulation for dynamic strain quantification.
Rayleigh interference pattern (RIP) demodulation is effective for analyzing dynamic perturbations.

Purpose of the Study:

To propose a novel chirped-pulse conversion algorithm (CPCA) for Φ-OTDR.
To enable dynamic strain quantification in traditional coherent Φ-OTDR systems using digital signal processing.
To eliminate the need for expensive chirp modulation hardware.

Main Methods:

Development of a chirped-pulse conversion algorithm (CPCA).
Convolution of a chirp factor onto the received signal in coherent Φ-OTDR.
Application of Rayleigh interference pattern (RIP) demodulation to digitally generated chirped pulses.

Main Results:

Successful conversion of a normal probe pulse into an equivalent chirped probe pulse.
Demonstration of dynamic strain quantification using RIP demodulation on the converted pulse.
Achieved spatial resolution of 4 m, sensing range of 8 km, frequency response of 5 kHz, and strain resolution of 56 pε/√Hz.

Conclusions:

The proposed CPCA effectively enables dynamic strain measurement in Φ-OTDR systems.
Digital generation of equivalent chirped pulses avoids complex and costly modulation hardware.
The technique offers high performance for distributed sensing applications.