Binding of Ricinus communis I lectin to developing dystrophic muscle in human fetus

In previous studies it was shown that a D-galactose-specific lectin, Ricinus communis I (RCA I), does not bind to the plasma membrane of muscle fibres from patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) in contrast to normal muscle. We have now studied RCA I binding to the membranes of developing human fetal muscle in fetuses at 95% risk of DMD (n = 6) and normal controls (n = 5) with a developmental range of 12-20 weeks of gestation. The results were compared to the membrane appearance with conventional ultrastructure. Binding of RCA I to the muscle basement membrane was consistently strong from the early stages of myogenesis, such as in fusing myoblasts/myocytes. RCA I binding to the plasma membrane was weak but detectable in both DMD and normal fetuses at 12-14 weeks of gestation. Both the normal and diseased condition showed an increase of RCA I labelling of the muscle plasma membrane at 15-17 weeks and strong labelling at 18-20 weeks of gestation. No difference was observed in the RCA I localization of normal and diseased human fetal muscle plasma membrane. It is concluded that (a) the plasma membrane in developing fetal muscle undergoes a maturation process between 12 and 20 weeks gestational age leading to an increase in expression of RCA I binding carbohydrate moieties; and (b) that the absence of RCA I binding glycoprotein in mature DMD muscle plasma membrane reflects a change acquired during the course of disease.