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Related Concept Videos

Olfactory Receptors: Location and Structure01:03

Olfactory Receptors: Location and Structure

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The process of olfaction, also known as the sense of smell, is a sophisticated chemical response system. The specialized sensory neurons that facilitate this process, known as olfactory receptor neurons, are situated in an upper segment of the nasal cavity, known as the olfactory epithelium. Olfactory sensory neurons are bipolar, with their dendrites extending from the epithelium's apex into the mucus that lines the nasal cavity. Airborne molecules, when inhaled, traverse the olfactory...
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Physiology of Smell and Olfactory Pathway01:20

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Humans detect odors with the help of specialized cells located in the upper part of the nasal cavity, called olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs). ORNs possess hair-like structures called cilia, which are receptive to sensations from the inhaled air. When an odorant molecule binds to a specific receptor on the cell of the cilia, it leads to a series of events that ultimately cause the ORN to send electrical signals to the olfactory bulb in the brain through the olfactory nerves.
The olfactory...
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Olfaction01:25

Olfaction

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The sense of smell is achieved through the activities of the olfactory system. It starts when an airborne odorant enters the nasal cavity and reaches olfactory epithelium (OE). The OE is protected by a thin layer of mucus, which also serves the purpose of dissolving more complex compounds into simpler chemical odorants. The size of the OE and the density of sensory neurons varies among species; in humans, the OE is only about 9-10 cm2.
The olfactory receptors are embedded in the cilia of the...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 10, 2025

Olfactory Neurons Obtained through Nasal Biopsy Combined with Laser-Capture Microdissection: A Potential Approach to Study Treatment Response in Mental Disorders
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[Research progress in the treatment of sensorineural olfactory dysfunction].

Yin Chen, Chenjie Yu, Xiaoyun Qian

    Lin Chuang Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi = Journal of Clinical Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery
    |April 2, 2021
    PubMed
    Summary

    Sensorineural olfactory dysfunction, a complex condition affecting smell, can impact health and safety. Promising treatments like drug, cell, gene therapy, and olfactory training are emerging for this sensory disorder.

    Keywords:
    cell therapydrug therapygene therapyolfaction disorders

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    Area of Science:

    • Neuroscience
    • Otolaryngology
    • Sensory Biology

    Background:

    • Sensorineural olfactory dysfunction involves impaired smell reception or processing.
    • This condition significantly affects patient well-being, mental health, and safety.
    • The complex etiology necessitates advanced treatment strategies.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To review current and emerging treatments for sensorineural olfactory dysfunction.
    • To provide an overview of therapeutic options for olfactory disorders.

    Main Methods:

    • Literature review of recent advancements in treating olfactory dysfunction.
    • Summary of therapeutic modalities including pharmacological, cellular, and genetic approaches.
    • Inclusion of olfactory training as a non-invasive treatment.

    Main Results:

    • Drug therapy offers symptomatic relief and targets underlying mechanisms.
    • Cell therapy and gene therapy show potential for neural regeneration and repair.
    • Olfactory training demonstrates efficacy in improving olfactory function.

    Conclusions:

    • Multiple promising treatment avenues exist for sensorineural olfactory dysfunction.
    • A combination of therapies may offer the most effective outcomes.
    • Further research is crucial to optimize these treatments for clinical application.