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Gianotti-Crosti syndrome: a challenging exanthema
Anaísa Afonso1, Joana Cachão2, Vitor Laerte Pinto Junior3
1Department of Pediatrics, Centro Hospitalar de Setúbal EPE, Setúbal, Portugal.
BMJ Case Reports
|April 2, 2021
Summary
Gianotti-Crosti syndrome (GCS) is a rare skin condition typically seen in young children. This case highlights GCS in an adolescent with infectious mononucleosis, emphasizing diagnostic challenges.
Area of Science:
- Dermatology
- Pediatric Infectious Diseases
- Viral Exanthems
Background:
- Gianotti-Crosti syndrome (GCS) is a benign, self-limiting skin condition primarily affecting children under six.
- It is characterized by a symmetrical papular rash, predominantly on the extremities, gluteal region, and extensor surfaces.
- While often linked to viral infections, GCS can also arise from bacterial infections, vaccinations, or be idiopathic.
Observation:
- This report details a 13-year-old female adolescent diagnosed with infectious mononucleosis due to Epstein-Barr virus.
- The patient initially presented with fever, odynophagia, prostration, and a diffuse maculopapular rash.
- A clinical recrudescence with worsening fever and altered rash characteristics was noted in the second week.
Findings:
- The case demonstrates Gianotti-Crosti syndrome (GCS) occurring in an adolescent, a less common demographic.
- The association of GCS with Epstein-Barr virus-induced infectious mononucleosis is presented.
- The evolving nature of the exanthema and fever suggests a complex presentation.
Implications:
- Gianotti-Crosti syndrome (GCS) may be underdiagnosed in adolescents and adults.
- The differential diagnosis for viral exanthems in this age group requires careful consideration.
- High clinical suspicion is crucial for accurate diagnosis and appropriate management of GCS.
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