Novel Assessment of Isometric Hip Extensor Function: Reliability, Joint Angle Sensitivity, and Concurrent Validity

Goodwin, JE and Bull, AMJ. Novel assessment of isometric hip extensor function: reliability, joint angle sensitivity, and concurrent validity. J Strength Cond Res 36(10): 2762-2770, 2022-Closed-chain hip extension function has not been well examined. The aim of this study was to examine the reliability, joint angle sensitivity, muscle recruitment, and concurrent validity of a force plate-based isometric hip extensor test (isometric hip thrust). All subjects were active men aged 19-29 years. In part 1, bilateral and unilateral hip extensor testing was completed on 4 occasions by 14 subjects to evaluate repeatability of force and torque measures. In part 2, joint angle sensitivity of force, torque, and surface electromyography was assessed by 10 subjects completing testing at 4 hip joint angles in a single test session. In part 3, concurrent validity of joint torque was assessed relative to standing and supine test positions on an isokinetic dynamometer, by 10 subjects in a single test session. The repeatability study found small changes in the mean from sessions 1-2 (mean standardized change d = 0.31) and close to no change in later sessions (mean d = 0.12). Typical error was predominantly low to moderate (mean 0.42), and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was typically high (mean ICC = 0.87). The joint angle sensitivity study showed that increasing the hip flexion resulted in increases in peak extension force ( p = 0.001) and gluteus maximus activation ( p = 0.003) and a reduction in biceps femoris activation ( p < 0.001). There was no change in torque ( p = 0.585) and vastus lateralis activation ( p = 0.482). The concurrent validity study found that torque was correlated with supine dynamometry ( R2 = 0.555) but not with standing dynamometry ( R2 = 0.193). In summary, the isometric hip thrust is repeatable, but benefits from familiarization. Force output and muscle recruitment are sensitive to joint position, providing an opportunity to assess different functional output.