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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 10, 2025

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Programmable nonreciprocal meta-prism.

Sajjad Taravati1, George V Eleftheriades2

  • 1The Edward S. Rogers Sr. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3H7, Canada. sajjad.taravati@utoronto.ca.

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Researchers developed a programmable metasurface prism that offers reconfigurable nonreciprocal spatial decomposition for optical waves. This compact device enables controllable refraction angles and power amplification, advancing wave engineering applications.

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Area of Science:

  • Metamaterials and Nanophotonics
  • Wave Engineering
  • Electromagnetics

Background:

  • Conventional optical prisms, typically glass-based, decompose light by frequency but are bulky and limited by reciprocity.
  • Existing nonreciprocal devices and metamaterials often have fixed functionalities, limiting adaptability in wave manipulation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose and demonstrate a novel nonreciprocal metasurface-based prism with programmable and reconfigurable functionalities.
  • To overcome the limitations of conventional prisms and fixed-function metamaterials for advanced wave engineering.

Main Methods:

  • Design of a metasurface composed of frequency-dependent, spatially variant radiating super-cells with phase and amplitude gradients.
  • Integration of transistor-based phase shifters and amplifiers for dynamic control over wave decomposition and transmission.
  • Digital control via a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) for real-time programmability.

Main Results:

  • Demonstration of a compact, reconfigurable metasurface prism capable of nonreciprocal spatial decomposition of polychromatic waves.
  • Achieved programmable angles of refraction, power amplification, and control over radiation beam characteristics.
  • Exhibited frequency-dependent spatial decomposition and arbitrary transmission angles for each spectral component.

Conclusions:

  • The developed programmable metasurface prism offers unprecedented control over wave decomposition and transmission, overcoming traditional limitations.
  • This technology holds significant potential for applications in radars, holography, and wireless telecommunication systems.
  • The device enables 3D prism functionality with tunable parameters, paving the way for next-generation optical and electromagnetic systems.