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Genomic Insights Into Last-Line Antimicrobial Resistance in Multidrug-Resistant Staphylococcus and

Adrianna M Turner1, Jean Y H Lee1,2, Claire L Gorrie1,3

  • 1Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Doherty Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.

Frontiers in Microbiology
|April 2, 2021
PubMed

Insights

Genomic insights reveal how multidrug-resistant bacteria like Staphylococcus and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE) develop resistance to last-line antibiotics, including linezolid. Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for combating the global spread of antimicrobial resistance.

Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Genomics
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Multidrug-resistant (MDR) Staphylococcus and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE) pose significant threats due to limited treatment options.
  • Last-line antimicrobials like linezolid and daptomycin are critical for treating infections caused by these pathogens.
  • Emerging resistance to these vital drugs is a major clinical concern.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the emergence of resistance to last-line antimicrobials in Staphylococcus and VRE.
  • To highlight the role of genomics in understanding resistance development and spread.
  • To focus on resistance mechanisms and mobile genetic elements contributing to linezolid resistance.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on genomic studies.
  • Analysis of molecular mechanisms of antimicrobial resistance.
  • Examination of the role of mobile genetic elements in resistance dissemination.

Main Results:

  • Genomics has elucidated the emergence of resistant bacterial clones.
  • Key molecular mechanisms underlying resistance to linezolid, daptomycin, and vancomycin have been identified.
  • Mobile genetic elements are critical drivers of the global spread of resistance.

Conclusions:

  • Genomic approaches are essential for tracking and understanding antimicrobial resistance.
  • Effective strategies are needed to combat the spread of resistance to last-line antibiotics.
  • Continued research into resistance mechanisms and their dissemination is vital for public health.
Keywords:
EnterococcusStaphylococcusdaptomycingenomicslinezolidvancomycin

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