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Updated: Nov 10, 2025

Eliciting and Analyzing Male Mouse Ultrasonic Vocalization USV Songs
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Avian vocalisations: the female perspective.

Victoria I Austin1, Anastasia H Dalziell1,2,3, Naomi E Langmore4

  • 1Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Hawkesbury Campus, Ground Floor, Building R2, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia.

Biological Reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society
|April 2, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Avian vocalization research has historically focused on males. This review synthesizes studies on female bird vocalizations, revealing their diversity and importance, and proposes new definitions for songs and calls.

Keywords:
birdsongcallsfemale vocalisationsfunctionnon-oscinesoscines

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Area of Science:

  • Ornithology
  • Animal Communication
  • Bioacoustics

Background:

  • Traditional research on avian vocalizations disproportionately focuses on male song.
  • This male-centric bias has limited our understanding of the full spectrum of avian communication.
  • Complex vocalizations evolve beyond mate attraction and territory defense.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To address the imbalance in avian vocalization research by synthesizing studies on female vocalizations.
  • To discuss the implications of recent empirical advances for understanding vocalizations in both sexes.
  • To propose new, sex-neutral definitions for avian vocal signals.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and synthesis of empirical studies on female avian vocalizations.
  • Analysis of structural and functional diversity in female vocal signals.
  • Examination of existing frameworks for classifying avian vocalizations.

Main Results:

  • Female vocalizations exhibit significant structural and functional diversity.
  • Female vocalizations play crucial roles in mediating female-specific behaviors.
  • Existing definitions of songs and calls are inadequate due to their male bias.

Conclusions:

  • Further research is needed on the function, fitness benefits, and vocal learning in female bird vocalizations.
  • Sex-neutral definitions are necessary for a holistic understanding of avian vocal communication.
  • A comprehensive understanding requires examining vocalizations across sexes, contexts, and taxa.