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Related Concept Videos

Ferromagnetism01:31

Ferromagnetism

2.7K
Materials like iron, nickel, and cobalt consist of magnetic domains, within which the magnetic dipoles are arranged parallel to each other. The magnetic dipoles are rigidly aligned in the same direction within a domain by quantum mechanical coupling among the atoms. This coupling is so strong that even thermal agitation at room temperature cannot break it. The result is that each domain has a net dipole moment. However, some materials have weaker coupling, and are ferromagnetic at lower...
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Spin–Spin Coupling: Three-Bond Coupling (Vicinal Coupling)01:22

Spin–Spin Coupling: Three-Bond Coupling (Vicinal Coupling)

1.2K
Vicinal or three-bond coupling is commonly observed between protons attached to adjacent carbons. Here, nuclear spin information is primarily transferred via electron spin interactions between adjacent C‑H bond orbitals. This generally favors the antiparallel arrangement of spins, so 3J values are usually positive.
The extent of coupling depends on the C‑C bond length, the two H‑C‑C angles, any electron-withdrawing substituents, and the dihedral angle between the involved orbitals. The...
1.2K
Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)01:20

Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)

1.3K
Two NMR-active nuclei bonded to a central atom can be involved in geminal or two-bond coupling. Geminal coupling is commonly seen between diastereotopic protons in chiral molecules and unsymmetrical alkenes, among others.
The central atom need not be NMR-active because its electrons are affected by the electron polarization of the spin-active atoms. However, spin information is transmitted less effectively than in one-bond coupling, and 2J values are usually weaker than 1J values. The energy of...
1.3K
Spin–Spin Coupling Constant: Overview01:08

Spin–Spin Coupling Constant: Overview

1.2K
In bromoethane, the three methyl protons are coupled to the two methylene protons that are three bonds away. In accordance with the n+1 rule, the signal from the methyl protons is split into three peaks with 1:2:1 relative intensities. The methylene protons appear as a quartet, with the relative intensities of 1:3:3:1.
Qualitatively, any spin plus-half nucleus polarizes the spins of its electrons to the minus-half state. Consequently, the paired electron in the hydrogen–carbon bond must...
1.2K
Magnetic Field due to Moving Charges01:23

Magnetic Field due to Moving Charges

10.8K
A stationary charge creates and interacts with the electric field, while a moving charge creates a magnetic field.
Consider a point charge moving with a constant velocity. Like the electric field, the magnetic field at any point is directly proportional to the magnitude of the charge and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between the source point and the field point. However, unlike the electric field, the magnetic field is always perpendicular to the plane containing the line...
10.8K
Magnetic Field Due to Two Straight Wires01:18

Magnetic Field Due to Two Straight Wires

3.6K
Consider two parallel straight wires carrying a current of 10 A and 20 A in the same direction and separated by a distance of 20 cm. Calculate the magnetic field at a point "P2", midway between the wires. Also, evaluate the magnetic field when the direction of the current is reversed in the second wire.
3.6K

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Scanning SQUID Study of Vortex Manipulation by Local Contact
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Skyrmion-(Anti)Vortex Coupling in a Chiral Magnet-Superconductor Heterostructure.

A P Petrović1, M Raju1, X Y Tee1

  • 1Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 637371 Singapore.

Physical Review Letters
|April 2, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

We experimentally coupled chiral magnetism and superconductivity using skyrmions in [IrFeCoPt]/Nb heterostructures. This creates a novel topological hybrid material with tunable properties for advanced applications.

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Chiral magnetism and superconductivity are distinct quantum phenomena.
  • Controlling their interaction is key for novel electronic devices.
  • Skyrmions offer a unique platform for magnetic control.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To experimentally demonstrate the coupling of chiral magnetism and superconductivity.
  • To investigate the nucleation of antivortices by skyrmions in a superconductor.
  • To explore the Rashba-Edelstein effect in skyrmion systems.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of [IrFeCoPt]/Nb heterostructures.
  • Magnetic characterization of skyrmion nucleation and antivortex dynamics.
  • Electrical transport measurements to probe critical current and flux dynamics.
  • Computational simulations to corroborate experimental findings.

Main Results:

  • Skyrmions with ≈50 nm radius successfully nucleated antivortices in a 25 nm Nb film.
  • Observed unique signatures in magnetization, critical current, and flux dynamics.
  • Detected a thermally tunable Rashba-Edelstein exchange coupling.
  • Experimental data corroborated by simulations.

Conclusions:

  • Achieved experimental coupling of chiral magnetism and superconductivity.
  • Demonstrated a controllable skyrmion-(anti)vortex system.
  • Opened a pathway toward novel topological hybrid materials.