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Real Time Observation of Lithium Insertion into Pre-Cycled Conversion-Type Materials.

Sooyeon Hwang1, Dong Su1

  • 1Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA.

Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland)
|April 3, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Lithium-ion battery conversion materials change structure after initial use. This study reveals how pre-cycled nickel oxide electrodes react to lithium, showing simultaneous phase changes and identifying electrolyte residue as a potential performance inhibitor.

Keywords:
conversionin situ TEMlithiationlithium-ion batteries

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Conversion-type electrode materials for lithium-ion batteries undergo significant structural transformations during the first discharge-charge cycle.
  • Understanding lithiation in pre-cycled materials is crucial for improving battery performance, but remains poorly understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the lithium-induced structural and chemical evolutions in pre-cycled nickel oxide, a model conversion-type electrode material.
  • To elucidate the mechanisms of lithiation in materials that have already undergone cycling.

Main Methods:

  • In situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was utilized to observe real-time changes.
  • Nickel oxide was used as a model system to study pre-cycled conversion materials.

Main Results:

  • Lithium ion insertion induced the evolution of metallic nickel with volume expansion via a conversion reaction.
  • In pre-cycled materials, phase evolutions occurred in two separate areas simultaneously, unlike the successive changes observed during the first lithiation.
  • Electrolyte decomposition products, particularly fluorine-rich residues, were observed to restrict structural changes and hinder electrochemical reactions.

Conclusions:

  • This study provides critical insights into the phase and chemical evolution of pre-cycled conversion-type materials.
  • The findings highlight how structural changes in pre-cycled materials differ from initial cycles and are influenced by electrolyte side reactions.
  • Understanding these post-cycling evolutions is key to optimizing the electrochemical properties and long-term performance of lithium-ion batteries.