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Updated: Nov 10, 2025

RNAi-mediated Control of Aflatoxins in Peanut: Method to Analyze Mycotoxin Production and Transgene Expression in the Peanut/Aspergillus Pathosystem

RNAi-mediated Control of Aflatoxins in Peanut: Method to Analyze Mycotoxin Production and Transgene Expression in the Peanut/Aspergillus Pathosystem

Published on: December 21, 2015

Multiple Mycotoxins in Kenyan Rice.

Samuel K Mutiga^1,2, J Musembi Mutuku¹, Vincent Koskei³

¹Biosciences Eastern and Central Africa, International Livestock Research Institute (BecA-ILRI) Hub, P.O. BOX 30709, 00100 Nairobi, Kenya.

|April 3, 2021

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This study analyzed mycotoxins in Kenyan rice, finding sterigmatocystin and aflatoxin most frequent. Integrated approaches are needed to mitigate mycotoxin accumulation in rice.

Keywords:

co-contamination food safety multiple mycotoxins rice sub-Saharan Africa

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Quantification of Fungal Colonization, Sporogenesis, and Production of Mycotoxins Using Kernel Bioassays

Quantification of Fungal Colonization, Sporogenesis, and Production of Mycotoxins Using Kernel Bioassays

Published on: April 23, 2012

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Quantification of Fungal Colonization, Sporogenesis, and Production of Mycotoxins Using Kernel Bioassays

Quantification of Fungal Colonization, Sporogenesis, and Production of Mycotoxins Using Kernel Bioassays

Published on: April 23, 2012

Area of Science:

Food Science
Analytical Chemistry
Agricultural Science

Background:

Mycotoxins pose significant risks to food safety and human health.
Rice is a staple food, and its contamination with mycotoxins is a global concern.
Limited data exists on mycotoxin profiles in rice from Kenya.

Purpose of the Study:

To determine the occurrence and levels of multiple mycotoxins in milled rice from the Mwea Irrigation Scheme, Kenya.
To assess the frequency of mycotoxin contamination and co-occurrence.
To identify factors influencing mycotoxin contamination in rice.

Main Methods:

Analysis of 200 milled rice samples using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).
Quantification of aflatoxin, citrinin, fumonisin, ochratoxin A, diacetoxyscirpenol, T2, HT2, sterigmatocystin, and deoxynivalenol.
Collection of data on rice cultivar, cultivation village, sampling locality, miller, and harvest month.

Main Results:

Sterigmatocystin (74.5%) and aflatoxin (55.5%) were the most frequently detected mycotoxins.
Most samples had low mycotoxin levels, with few exceeding regulatory limits for aflatoxin (13.5%), ochratoxin A (6%), and HT2 + T2 (0.5%).
Rice cultivar, paddy environment, harvest time, and millers significantly influenced mycotoxin occurrence.

Conclusions:

Mycotoxin contamination is prevalent in Kenyan rice, with varying frequencies and levels.
While overall contamination levels are low, specific mycotoxins like aflatoxin pose a risk.
Integrated strategies are crucial for effective mycotoxin mitigation in Kenyan rice production.