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Leptin and Cancer: Updated Functional Roles in Carcinogenesis, Therapeutic Niches, and Developments.

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Leptin, an obesity hormone, plays a significant role in cancer progression. This review explores leptin signaling in tumors, identifying potential therapeutic targets for cancer treatment.

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Endocrinology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Leptin, an adipokine, regulates energy metabolism and appetite via its receptor.
  • Leptin and leptin receptor expression extend beyond adipocytes to cancer cells and tumor microenvironments.
  • The leptin signaling axis is implicated in various cancer hallmarks, including proliferation, metastasis, and angiogenesis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and integrate current knowledge on the leptin signaling axis in cancer.
  • To analyze the distribution of leptin and its receptor in a pancancer panel and at the single-cell level.
  • To identify potential therapeutic strategies targeting leptin in cancer treatment.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive review and integration of transcriptome and clinical data from cancer patients.
  • Analysis of leptin and leptin receptor expression across various cancer types.
  • Single-cell level analysis of leptin and leptin receptor distribution in specific organs.

Main Results:

  • Leptin signaling is actively involved in regulating cancer proliferation, metastasis, angiogenesis, and chemoresistance.
  • Specific cell types and organs prone to leptin-mediated tumorigenesis were identified.
  • The prognostic significance of leptin in diverse cancers and its potential for noninvasive detection were highlighted.

Conclusions:

  • The leptin signaling axis represents a promising target for novel cancer therapeutic strategies.
  • Understanding leptin's role in cancer provides guidance for future research and clinical applications.
  • Further exploration of molecular mechanisms underlying leptin's effects in cancer is warranted.