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Tumor Immunotherapy

Tumor Immunotherapy

Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.

Cell-mediated Immune Responses

Cell-mediated Immune Responses

Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response

Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response

Cytotoxic T cells are a vital component of the immune system. They have the remarkable ability to identify and target antigens on infected or abnormal cells. These antigens often originate from intracellular pathogens such as viruses or abnormal proteins cancer cells produce.
Immunological surveillance is the ability of immune cells to monitor and eliminate infected cells with intracellular pathogens, neoplastically transformed cells, and cells with non-self antigens. Cytotoxic T cells and NK...

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Advanced Nanotechnology for Enhancing Immune Checkpoint Blockade Therapy.

Chiara Cremolini¹, Emanuela Vitale², Raffaella Rastaldo²

¹Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy.

Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland)

|April 3, 2021

Summary

Nanotechnology enhances cancer immunotherapy by delivering checkpoint inhibitors. This approach aims to overcome resistance and improve long-term responses to immune checkpoint blockade therapy.

Keywords:

active targeting cancer therapy immune checkpoint receptor immunotherapy nanoconjugates nanomedicine nanoparticles

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Analysis of Human T Cell Activity in an Allogeneic Co-Culture Setting of Pre-Treated Tumor Cells

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Area of Science:

Immunology and Cancer Research
Nanomedicine and Pharmaceutical Technology

Background:

Immune checkpoint pathways regulate T-lymphocyte responses, preventing autoimmunity but exploited by tumors for immune evasion.
Current immune checkpoint blockade therapy faces limitations including resistance and short response duration.

Purpose of the Study:

To explore the potential of nanotechnology in enhancing immune checkpoint therapy.
To address the limitations associated with single immune checkpoint inhibitors.

Main Methods:

Review of fundamental immune checkpoint pathways.
Analysis of nanotechnology applications for delivering checkpoint inhibitors and immunomodulators.
Discussion of combining nanotechnology with immune checkpoint blockade therapy.

Main Results:

Nanomedicine offers improved delivery of single checkpoint inhibitors, enhancing response duration.
Targeting multiple inhibitory or both inhibitory and costimulatory pathways with nanodelivery shows promise.
Nanotechnology can overcome technical weaknesses of current immunotherapy strategies.

Conclusions:

Nanotechnology holds significant promise for improving the efficacy and duration of immune checkpoint blockade therapy.
Combining nanodelivery systems with novel immunomodulatory strategies can overcome resistance and enhance anti-tumor immunity.