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Related Concept Videos

Hypoxia01:23

Hypoxia

1.5K
Hypoxia is a medical condition characterized by an inadequate oxygen supply to body tissues. It typically manifests as a bluish discoloration of the skin and mucosae, especially in fair-skinned individuals, when hemoglobin (Hb) saturation drops below 75%.
Types of Hypoxia
There are four primary types of hypoxia, each resulting from a different cause:
1. Anemic hypoxia: This type occurs due to insufficient oxygen delivery caused by a lack of red blood cells (RBCs) or RBCs with abnormal or...
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Acute Respiratory Failure-II01:21

Acute Respiratory Failure-II

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Type I Respiratory Failure, or hypoxemic respiratory failure, occurs when the partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) in arterial blood falls below 60 mmHg while breathing room air without a corresponding increase in arterial carbon dioxide levels (PaCO2). This condition highlights a significant impairment in the lungs' capacity to oxygenate the blood.
The underlying physiological abnormalities that contribute to hypoxemic respiratory failure include:
627
Electron Transport Chain: Complex I and II01:46

Electron Transport Chain: Complex I and II

16.6K
The mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) is the main energy generation system in the eukaryotic cells. However, mitochondria also produce cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) due to the large electron flow during oxidative phosphorylation. While Complex I is one of the primary sources of superoxide radicals, ROS production by Complex II is uncommon and may only be observed in cancer cells with mutated complexes.
ROS generation is regulated and maintained at moderate levels necessary...
16.6K
Teratogenicity01:07

Teratogenicity

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The ability of a drug to produce structural deformations and functional abnormalities in the developing embryo or the fetus is called teratogenicity, and the drug producing this effect is known as a teratogen. Teratogenic effects include stillbirth, miscarriage, intrauterine growth restriction, and neurocognitive delay. A teratogen may affect the embryo at different stages of development, which is important in determining the type and extent of the damage. During blastocyst formation, the early...
3.6K
Mitochondrial Membranes01:45

Mitochondrial Membranes

14.6K
A single mitochondrion is a bean-shaped organelle enclosed by a double-membrane system. The outer membrane of mitochondria is smooth and contains many porins - the integral membrane transporters. Porins enable free diffusion of ions and small uncharged molecules through the outer mitochondrial membrane but limit the transport of molecules larger than 5000 Daltons. Further, the outer mitochondrial membrane forms a unique structure called membrane contact sites with other subcellular organelles,...
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Oxygen Transport in the Blood01:27

Oxygen Transport in the Blood

4.7K
Hemoglobin (Hb) is a crucial molecule in the human body, consisting of four polypeptide chains, each bound to an iron-containing heme group. This unique structure enables hemoglobin to bind to oxygen, with each molecule capable of combining with four molecules of oxygen, leading to rapid and reversible oxygen loading. When fully loaded with oxygen, it is called oxyhemoglobin, while hemoglobin that has released oxygen is called reduced hemoglobin or deoxyhemoglobin. As hemoglobin binds oxygen,...
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Chronic hypoxia during gestation impairs Rad-mediated inhibition of Ca<sub>V</sub>1.2 channel and increases uterine vascular resistance in pregnant sheep.

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Decreased Glucocorticoid Receptor Expression and Function in Cord Blood Immune Cells from Preterm Neonates with Morbidity.

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Chronic hypoxia impairs L-type Ca<sup>2+</sup> channel-mediated myogenic vasoconstriction and cerebral autoregulation in newborn lambs.

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Human Primary Trophoblast Cell Culture Model to Study the Protective Effects of Melatonin Against Hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced Disruption
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Human Primary Trophoblast Cell Culture Model to Study the Protective Effects of Melatonin Against Hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced Disruption

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Hypoxia and Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Pregnancy Complications.

Xiang-Qun Hu1, Lubo Zhang1

  • 1Lawrence D. Longo, MD Center for Perinatal Biology, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA.

Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland)
|April 3, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Gestational hypoxia causes placental dysfunction and oxidative stress by increasing mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS). This review explores hypoxia-induced ROS in pregnancy complications like preeclampsia and fetal growth restriction.

Keywords:
fetal growth restrictionmitochondriaoxidative stressplacentapreeclampsiareactive oxygen speciestherapy

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Biochemical Measurement of Neonatal Hypoxia
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Biochemical Measurement of Neonatal Hypoxia

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Author Spotlight: Modeling an Aspect of Preeclampsia in Female Mice Using Hypoxic Human Placenta-Derived Small Extracellular Vesicles
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Author Spotlight: Modeling an Aspect of Preeclampsia in Female Mice Using Hypoxic Human Placenta-Derived Small Extracellular Vesicles

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Human Primary Trophoblast Cell Culture Model to Study the Protective Effects of Melatonin Against Hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced Disruption
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Biochemical Measurement of Neonatal Hypoxia
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Biochemical Measurement of Neonatal Hypoxia

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Author Spotlight: Modeling an Aspect of Preeclampsia in Female Mice Using Hypoxic Human Placenta-Derived Small Extracellular Vesicles
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Author Spotlight: Modeling an Aspect of Preeclampsia in Female Mice Using Hypoxic Human Placenta-Derived Small Extracellular Vesicles

Published on: January 26, 2024

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Area of Science:

  • Obstetrics and Gynecology
  • Mitochondrial Biology
  • Perinatal Medicine

Background:

  • Gestational hypoxia is a significant stressor impacting maternal and fetal health.
  • It is linked to preeclampsia and fetal/intrauterine growth restriction (FGR/IUGR).
  • Uteroplacental dysfunction and placental hypoxia are key factors in these conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of hypoxia-induced mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) in placental dysfunction.
  • To explore the pathogenesis of preeclampsia and FGR associated with gestational hypoxia.
  • To discuss potential therapeutic strategies targeting mitochondrial ROS.

Main Methods:

  • Review of human and animal studies.
  • Analysis of the impact of hypoxia on uteroplacental mitochondria.
  • Examination of oxidative stress mechanisms.

Main Results:

  • Hypoxia leads to increased mitochondrial ROS production in uteroplacental cells.
  • Excess ROS causes oxidative stress, damaging cellular macromolecules.
  • This cellular damage underlies uteroplacental dysfunction, preeclampsia, and FGR.

Conclusions:

  • Mitochondrial ROS play a critical role in the pathogenesis of pregnancy complications linked to hypoxia.
  • Targeting mitochondrial ROS offers a potential therapeutic avenue for preeclampsia and FGR.
  • Further research into selective mitochondrial ROS inhibitors is warranted.