Occupational Noise on Floating Storage and Offloading Vessels (FSO)
Grzegorz Rutkowski1, Jarosław Korzeb2
1Department of Navigation, Faculty of Navigation, Gdynia Maritime University, 81-345 Gdynia, Poland.
Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
|April 3, 2021
Summary
High noise levels on aging offshore Floating Storage and Offloading (FSO) units pose risks to workers and marine mammals. This study analyzes noise measurements to inform safety regulations and protect offshore personnel and wildlife.
Area of Science:
- Marine Engineering
- Occupational Health and Safety
- Environmental Acoustics
Background:
- Commercial ships, particularly older Floating Storage and Offloading (FSO) units, generate significant vibroacoustic noise.
- International regulations acknowledge the negative impacts of ship noise on human health and marine ecosystems, especially marine mammals.
- Existing legal frameworks mandate noise exposure control for offshore workers.
Purpose of the Study:
- To assess the potential impacts of high-level noise on 1st generation FSO units.
- To provide guidance on managing noise exposure in offshore environments.
- To analyze noise measurement data from FSO vessels.
Main Methods:
- Analysis of noise measurement results from exemplary 1st generation FSO units.
- Review of international regulations and guidelines for occupational noise exposure.
- Assessment of vibroacoustic impacts on human workers and marine life.
Main Results:
- Identification of high noise levels on 30-year-old FSO units.
- Data analysis of noise measurements conducted on FSO vessels.
- Evaluation of compliance with established noise exposure standards.
Conclusions:
- High noise levels on older FSO vessels necessitate adherence to strict occupational health and safety regulations.
- Effective noise control measures are crucial for protecting offshore workers' health.
- Understanding and mitigating vibroacoustic impacts are essential for safeguarding marine mammals and the offshore environment.
Related Concept Videos
Buoyancy and Stability for Submerged and Floating Bodies
2.3K
In fluid mechanics, buoyancy and stability are key concepts for understanding the behavior of submerged and floating bodies. When a stationary body is fully or partially submerged in a fluid, the fluid exerts a force on the body known as the buoyant force. This force acts vertically upward through a point called the center of buoyancy, which is the center of the displaced fluid volume. According to Archimedes' principle, the magnitude of the buoyant force is equal to the weight of the fluid...
2.3K
Sound Waves: Interference
4.2K
Sound waves can be modeled either as longitudinal waves, wherein the molecules of the medium oscillate around an equilibrium position, or as pressure waves. When two identical waves from the same source superimpose on each other, the combination of two crests or two troughs results in amplitude reinforcement known as constructive interference. If two identical waves, that are initially in phase, become out of phase because of different path lengths, the combination of crests with troughs...
4.2K
Damped Oscillations
6.4K
In the real world, oscillations seldom follow true simple harmonic motion. A system that continues its motion indefinitely without losing its amplitude is termed undamped. However, friction of some sort usually dampens the motion, so it fades away or needs more force to continue. For example, a guitar string stops oscillating a few seconds after being plucked. Similarly, one must continually push a swing to keep a child swinging on a playground.
Although friction and other non-conservative...
Although friction and other non-conservative...
6.4K
Speed of Sound in Solids and Liquids
3.5K
Most solids and liquids are incompressible—their densities remain constant throughout. In the presence of an external force, the molecules tend to restore to their original positions, which is only possible because the constituents interact. The interactions help the constituents pass on information about external disturbances, like sound waves. Therefore, sound waves travel faster through these media. Compared to solids, the constituents in a liquid are less tightly bound. Thus, sound...
3.5K
Types of Damping
7.1K
If the amount of damping in a system is gradually increased, the period and frequency start to become affected because damping opposes, and hence slows, the back and forth motion (the net force is smaller in both directions). If there is a very large amount of damping, the system does not even oscillate; instead, it slowly moves toward equilibrium. In brief, an overdamped system moves slowly towards equilibrium, whereas an underdamped system moves quickly to equilibrium but will oscillate about...
7.1K
Echo
696
The human ear cannot distinguish between two sources of sound if they happen to reach within a specific time interval, typically 0.1 seconds apart. More than this, and they are perceived as separate sources.
Imagine the sound is reflected back to the ears. Assuming that the source is very close to the human, the difference between hearing the two sounds—the emitted sound and the reflected sound—may be more than the minimum time for perceiving distinct sounds. If this is the case,...
Imagine the sound is reflected back to the ears. Assuming that the source is very close to the human, the difference between hearing the two sounds—the emitted sound and the reflected sound—may be more than the minimum time for perceiving distinct sounds. If this is the case,...
696


