Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Viruses with RNA Genomes01:29

Viruses with RNA Genomes

335
RNA viruses are categorized into positive-strand, negative-strand, or double-stranded groups based on their genomic structure and replication mechanisms. This classification dictates how they exploit host cellular machinery for protein synthesis and replication. Some RNA viruses also utilize reverse transcription as part of their life cycle, further diversifying their replication strategies.Positive-Strand RNA VirusesPositive-strand RNA viruses have genomes that function directly as messenger...
335
Retrovirus Life Cycles01:10

Retrovirus Life Cycles

48.2K
Retroviruses have a single-stranded RNA genome that undergoes a special form of replication. Once the retrovirus has entered the host cell, an enzyme called reverse transcriptase synthesizes double-stranded DNA from the retroviral RNA genome. This DNA copy of the genome is then integrated into the host’s genome inside the nucleus via an enzyme called integrase. Consequently, the retroviral genome is transcribed into RNA whenever the host’s genome is transcribed, allowing the...
48.2K
Introduction to Virus01:28

Introduction to Virus

649
Viruses are unique biological entities that blur the boundary between living and non-living systems. Although they lack cellular structure and metabolic processes, they can exhibit characteristics of life when infecting a host. Their defining feature is a nucleic acid core, composed of either DNA or RNA, encapsulated within a protein coat called a capsid. This simple structure allows them to invade host cells and use their machinery for replication efficiently.Viral Structure and...
649
Size and Structure of Viral Genomes01:26

Size and Structure of Viral Genomes

363
Viral genomes exhibit remarkable diversity in size, structure, and composition, influencing their replication strategies and interactions with host cells. These genomes consist of either DNA or RNA and may be linear or circular. Additionally, they can be single-stranded or double-stranded, with each configuration affecting how the virus propagates within a host. RNA viruses, for instance, generally have smaller genomes than DNA viruses, a factor that contributes to their high mutation rates and...
363

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Potential for prolonged replication of common acute respiratory viruses in air-liquid interface cultures of primary human airway cells.

mSphere·2025
Same author

Expression of spike and hemagglutinin-esterase proteins is necessary to recover infectious recombinant bovine coronavirus.

Journal of virology·2025
Same author

A Clinical Isolate of Human Parainfluenza Virus 3 (Fukushima/O695/2019) Contains a Mutation in the Serial Guanosines in the RNA Editing Site of the P Gene and Produces an Atypical Number of Nongenomic Guanosine Insertions During RNA Editing.

Microbiology and immunology·2025
Same author

Progress of research on coronaviruses and toroviruses in large domestic animals using reverse genetics systems.

Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)·2024
Same author

Evidence of the simultaneous replications of active viruses in specimens positive for multiple respiratory viruses.

Microbiology spectrum·2023
Same author

Single Amino Acid Substitution in the Receptor Binding Domain of Spike Protein Is Sufficient To Convert the Neutralization Profile between Ethiopian and Middle Eastern Isolates of Middle East Respiratory Coronavirus.

Microbiology spectrum·2023

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 10, 2025

Reverse Genetics Mediated Recovery of Infectious Murine Norovirus
13:48

Reverse Genetics Mediated Recovery of Infectious Murine Norovirus

Published on: June 24, 2012

16.9K

Recent Progress in Torovirus Molecular Biology.

Makoto Ujike1,2, Fumihiro Taguchi1

  • 1Laboratory of Veterinary Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, 1-7-1 Kyonan-cho, Musashino, Tokyo 180-8602, Japan.

Viruses
|April 3, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Toroviruses (ToV) are emerging enteric pathogens, distinct from Coronaviruses (CoV). Research highlights their increasing importance in animal and human health, necessitating further study.

Keywords:
coronavirusenteric diseasesnon-structural proteinsreplicationreverse geneticsstructural proteinstorovirustranscription

More Related Videos

Bacterial Artificial Chromosomes: A Functional Genomics Tool for the Study of Positive-strand RNA Viruses
12:20

Bacterial Artificial Chromosomes: A Functional Genomics Tool for the Study of Positive-strand RNA Viruses

Published on: December 29, 2015

21.7K
Isolation of Fidelity Variants of RNA Viruses and Characterization of Virus Mutation Frequency
18:10

Isolation of Fidelity Variants of RNA Viruses and Characterization of Virus Mutation Frequency

Published on: June 16, 2011

29.8K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Nov 10, 2025

Reverse Genetics Mediated Recovery of Infectious Murine Norovirus
13:48

Reverse Genetics Mediated Recovery of Infectious Murine Norovirus

Published on: June 24, 2012

16.9K
Bacterial Artificial Chromosomes: A Functional Genomics Tool for the Study of Positive-strand RNA Viruses
12:20

Bacterial Artificial Chromosomes: A Functional Genomics Tool for the Study of Positive-strand RNA Viruses

Published on: December 29, 2015

21.7K
Isolation of Fidelity Variants of RNA Viruses and Characterization of Virus Mutation Frequency
18:10

Isolation of Fidelity Variants of RNA Viruses and Characterization of Virus Mutation Frequency

Published on: June 16, 2011

29.8K

Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Toroviruses (ToV) were reclassified into the Tobaniviridae family, previously grouped with Coronaviruses (CoV).
  • ToVs cause enteric diseases in animals and humans, with bovine and porcine strains leading to economic impacts and exacerbated symptoms through coinfections.
  • Historically overlooked due to mild or asymptomatic infections, ToVs are gaining recognition as significant pathogens.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in Torovirus molecular biology, including reverse genetics.
  • To compare and contrast Toroviruses with Coronaviruses.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of Torovirus research.
  • Analysis of molecular biology studies, focusing on reverse genetics.

Main Results:

  • Toroviruses exhibit unique characteristics despite historical classification with Coronaviruses.
  • Bovine and porcine Torovirus strains are globally prevalent, causing significant economic losses and posing risks through coinfections.
  • Recombination events in Toroviruses can enhance pathogenesis and host adaptation.

Conclusions:

  • Toroviruses represent an important and evolving group of enteric pathogens.
  • Further research into Torovirus molecular biology, particularly using reverse genetics, is crucial for understanding their pathogenesis and host interactions.
  • Comparative studies with Coronaviruses are essential for a comprehensive understanding of Tobaniviridae family viruses.